Lesson 1.2: The Evolution of Database Systems

Question 1

It is a collection of information that exists over a long period of time, often many years.

Answer 1

Database

Question 2

It is a logical structure of the data

Answer 2

Schema

Question 3

A database lingo for a question about the data

Answer 3

Query

Question 4

The DBMS is expected to:

Answer 4

1. allow users to create new databases and specify their schemas
2. give users the ability to query, modify the data
3. support the storage of very large of data over a long period of time
4. Enable durability and recovery in case of failures, errors, intentional misuse
5. Control access to data from many users at once

Question 5

The first commercial database management systems appeared in the late what?

Answer 5

late 1960s.

Question 6

It is a system that is an evolution from the file system

Answer 6

Database Management System

Question 7

DBMS was standardized in the late 1960s through a report of CODASYL. CODASYL stands for what?

Answer 7

Committee on Data Systems and Languages

Question 8

What is the problem of the early models of DBMS?

Answer 8

It did not support high-level query languages.

Question 9

2 database systems in the late 1960s changed significantly following a famous paper written by Ted Codd. What is it?

Answer 9

Relational Database System

Question 10

Codd proposed that database systems should present the user with a view of data organized as _______ called _______

Answer 10

tables called relations

Question 11

Can the relational database system support high-level language?

Answer 11

Yes. It greatly increased the efficiency of database programmers.

Question 12

SQL stands for

Answer 12

Structured Query Language

Question 13

When was the Relational Database Systems became the norm?

Answer 13

By 1990.

Question 14

What database system infiltrated the relational model?

Answer 14

Object-oriented features

Question 15

Originally, DBMS we’re what size?

Answer 15

Large and expensive too. Running on large computers.

Question 16

Today, what sizes can be a small DBMS size?

Answer 16

As small as the personal computer we use in daily life.

Question 17

Another important trend is the use of documents, called as XML. What is it?

Answer 17

extensible modeling language

Question 18

It has become necessary to build structures on top of existing databases. What is the term of this?

Answer 18

Information Integration

Question 19

One popular approach of Information Integration is the creation of what?

Answer 19

Data warehouses

Question 20

information from many legacy databases is copied periodically, with the appropriate translation to a central database

Answer 20

data warehouses

Question 21

Whose function is to support an integrated model of the data of the various databases while translating between this model and the actual models used by each database

Answer 21

mediator or ‘middleware’

Question 22

three objectives that drove the evolution of database technology

Answer 22

1. need to provide greater program-data independence
2. desire to manage even complex data types and structures
3. desire to provide easier and faster access for users without a background of programming or how data stored in databases

Question 23

What system was dominant back in 1960s?

Answer 23

File processing

Question 24

The North American Aviation (NAA) developed a software known as _______ for the Apollo moon-landing project

Answer 24

GUAM (Generalized Update Access Method)

Question 25

This software is based on the concepts that smaller components come together as parts of larger components until the final product is assembled.

Answer 25

GUAM (Generalized update Access Method)

Question 26

General Electric however created a software named _____ in 1960s.

Answer 26

Integrated Data Store (IDS) or known as Network DBMS.

Question 27

CODASYL formed a List Processing Task Force which then renamed to ____ in 1967.

Answer 27

Database Task Group (DBTG)

Question 28

They defined standard specifications for an environment that would allow database creation and data manipulation

Answer 28

Database Task Group (DBTG)

Question 29

When was the DBMS usage became a commercial reality?

Answer 29

1970s

Question 30

Major disadvantages of first-generation DBMS

Answer 30

difficult access to data
very limited data independence
no widely accepted theoretical foundation for either model

Question 31

the DBTG in 1971 came up with the first definitive report which identified three components namely:

Answer 31

network schema
subschema
data management language

Question 32

For standardization, the DBTG specified 3 distinct languages namely:

Answer 32

A schema Data Definition Language (DDL)
A subschema DD
A Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Question 33

The development of SQL was made through what project of IBM?

Answer 33

System R which designed to prove the practicality of relational model

Question 34

In what year was the multimedia data become increasingly common for databases?

Answer 34

1990s

Question 35

What database system became important as well in 1990s?

Answer 35

Object-oriented databases

Question 36

What do we expect for 2000 and beyond?

Answer 36

1. ability to manage increasingly complex data types and structures
2. continued development of universal servers
3. fully distributed databases will become a reality
4. content-addressable storage will become more popular
5. database and other technologies such as AI and TV-like information services will make access much easier for untrained users