Effects of Systemic Conditions on CVS Flashcards
Explain how diabetes can affect multi-organ systems
- glycation
- glucose can fuse with peptides and change characteristics of protein
- can affect charge/configuration of proteins in basement membrane of blood vessel
- can cause damage of basement mambrane
- can also be recognised by cells taken up for degradation and cause oxidative stress
- accelerated vascular damage
Why is it more common for complications to arise in capillaries?
they have a low turnover rate
Why is familial hyperlipidaemia significant despite being uncommon?
- can affect families
- increased mortality in the young
- genetic/mutations
What is the result of familial hyperlipidaemia?
- extra, potentially reactive lipid
- vessel wall damage
- fat deposition
- can precipitate for vascular disease/coronary atherosclerosis/ischaemia
What happens in COPD?
- emphysema
- poor alveoli surface area
- shunting of blood to vessels that cannot do gas exchange
What effect can COPD have on the heart?
- can damage heart trying to get CO through a lung that has holes in it
- shunting blood through smaller vessels not designed for that volume of blood
- potential for fibrosis
- right side of heart has to work harder resulting in hypertrophy
- systemic hypertension, possible ischaemia
- secondary damage to pulmonary vessels
What is systemic amyloidosis?
- abnormal packaging of proteins forming a B-pleated sheet of fibrils
- can be deposited in capillaries anywhere in the body preventing effective transport of nutrients, leaky filters
What are the proteins associated with amyloidosis?
AL: derived from light chains, caused by malignancy of plasma cells (myeloma)
AA: derived from SAA, acute-phase protein, caused by chronic infection/sepsis, high concentration of protein present for a long period of time forming amyloid
What dye is used for amyloidosis?
- congo red
- polarised light put through it to cause fluorescence in presence of binding to amyloid
What are specific examples of amyloidosis?
- Alzheimer’s: localised formation of amyloid in brain
- type 2 diabetes: amyloid formation in eyelids
What is sarcoidosis?
- formation of epithelial granulomas that can damage tissue anywhere in body
- if happens in conducting tissue of heart can cause arrhythmia
What are the risks of drugs on the CVS?
risk of NSAIDs interfering with CVS based on prostacyclin generation and stickiness of blood vessel walls to platelets
