Ch 2: Cells, Organs, and Microenviroments of the Immune System

Question 1

What two major lineages does HSCs make

Answer 1

CMP (all RBCs granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages) and CLPs (Lymphocytes, and NK cells)

Question 2

The Erythroid lineage

Answer 2

the subsection CMP cells that give rise to all RBCs

Question 3

The Myeloid Lineage

Answer 3

the subsection of CMP cells that give rise to the granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages

Question 4

What can happen if a TF for hematopoiesis is mutates

Answer 4

the mammal can die from the inability to populate their white blood or red blood cell counts OR from a lack of an immune response

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

Front line of attack and part of the innate immune system

These are leukocytes can be further divided into 
neutrophiles
basophils
mast cells
eosinophiles

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

the majority of circulating leukocytes

short lifespan (only a few days)

increase in numbers in tissue in response to infections

phagocytose bacteria and 0pathogens and can secrete antimicrobial proteins. Recruit and can be recruited by cytokines and act as effector cells

Question 7

Professional antigen presenting cell

Answer 7

(APC)

Myeloid lineage

celllar bridges between the adaptive and the innate immune system

Dendritic cells play an important role in antigen presentation, and activation fo naive T cells

Question 8

Monocytes differentiate into

Answer 8

Macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells

Question 9

Macrophages play an important role in

Answer 9

regulation fo repair and regeneration of tissu

innate imune resposer and pathogen erradication via phagocytosis

Activation of T helper cells via antigen presentation, which in turn can cen to regulate and enhance macrophage activity

Question 10

opsonization

Answer 10

a process that enchances phagocytosis of an antigen

antibody = opsonin and increases the rate of phagocytosis

Question 11

How are follicular dendritic cells different from normal dendritic cells

Answer 11

do not arise in the bone marrow

do not function as antigen presenting cells for T helper cell activation

Question 12

Antigen presenting cells (APC)

Answer 12

myeloid cells

lymphoid derived DCs

B lymphocytes

Question 13

three catacorgies of lymphocytes

Answer 13

B cells (recognize soluble antigen)
T cells (recognize MHC bound antigen)
NK cells (recognize the absence of MHC1)

Question 14

Purpose of effector cells

Answer 14

carry out specific functions to combat the pathogen

Question 15

What do activated B cells differentiate into

Answer 15

effector cells known as plasma cells

Plasma cells lose expression of surface immunoglobulin and become specialized for secretion of antibody

plasma cell do not divide most live 1 to two weeks

Question 16

Which types of cells express MHC1

Answer 16

nearly all nucleated cells of vertebrates

Question 17

Which types of cells express MHC2

Answer 17

Professional antigen presenting cells and a few other types of cells during inflammation

Question 18

How can you distinguish Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 18

Th cells have CD4 and recognize antigen in complex with MHC2

Tc cells have the CD8 marker and recognize antigen in complex with MHC1

Question 19

What do CD8 T cells require to mature

Answer 19

MHC1-peptide complex as well as CD4 T cells`

Question 20

Th1

Answer 20

regulate the immune response to intracelluar pathogens

Question 21

Th2

Answer 21

Regulate the immune response to extracellular pathogens

Question 22

Th17

Answer 22

Secreate IL-17 and play an important role in cell-mediated immunity

Question 23

T follicular helper cells

Answer 23

Play an important role in humoral immunity and regulate B-cell development in germinal centers

subsect of CD4+ T cells

Question 24

T regulatory cells

Answer 24

Have the unqiue capacity to inhibit an immune response

CD4
CD25

Question 25

T cell negative selection

Answer 25

Thymocytes whose T cell receptors bind to self MHC-peptide complexes with too high of an affinity are induced to die

Question 26

T cell positive selection

Answer 26

THymocytes that bind self MHC-peptide complexes with an intermediate affinity undergo positive selection resulting in their survival

Question 27

which part of the immune system are NK and myeloid cells a part of

Answer 27

innate

Question 28

which part of the immune system are lymphocytes a part of

Answer 28

adaptive