Communication Before Language

Question 1

Elizabeth Bates’ Developmental Stages of Communication

Answer 1

Perlocutionary Acts
Birth to 10 months
Children’s behavior has consequences, but it is not intended to be communicative
Crying, reaching for things, giggling, looking

Illocutionary Acts
10-12 months
Child intentionally communicates but not with conventional forms
Pointing

Locutionary Acts
12 months+
Children communicate intentionally using conventional forms
Verbal, but not like adults

Question 2

Sentence Meaning

Answer 2

The meaning of the words independent of context

Question 3

Utterance Meaning

Answer 3

The meaning of the words in context

Question 4

Locution

Answer 4

Utterance of words

Question 5

Illocution

Answer 5

Convey content

Question 6

Perlocution

Answer 6

What happens as a result of the utterance

Question 7

Protoimperatives

Answer 7

The child intentionally communicates in order to use the adult as an agent or tool in achieving some end

The child has to know the adult can do that thing, but does not need knowledge of the adult’s mind

Question 8

Protodeclaratives

Answer 8

A preverbal effort to direct the adult’s attention to some event or object in the world

Question 9

Types of declarative pointing

Answer 9

Declaratives as expressives

Declaratives as informatives

Question 10

Declaratives as expressives

Answer 10

An infant seeks to share an attitude with an adult about a referent

Wants interaction in attending to the object

Recursive – I want that you know that I want that you act such that you know about the object

Question 11

Declaratives as informatives

Answer 11

An infant seeks to provide an adult with needed information

Question 12

Perlocutionary Acts

Answer 12

Birth to 10 months

Children’s behavior has consequences, but it is not intended to be communicative

Crying, reaching for things, giggling, looking

Question 13

Illocutionary Acts

Answer 13

10-12 months

Child intentionally communicates but not with conventional forms

Pointing

Question 14

Locutionary Acts

Answer 14

12 months+

Children communicate intentionally using conventional forms

Verbal, but not like adults

Question 15

Liszkowski

Study on kids’ declarative pointing

Answer 15

Expressive pointing

When adults respond by emoting directly to the child and ignore the referent, child was dissatisfied
So kids don’t just want a positive response

Kids are also dissatisfied if the adults look at the wrong thing
They want to control the adult’s behavior
Not necessarily thinking about the adult’s mental state

Informative pointing

Studied 12 month olds who saw an adult play with then misplace an object
Kids had no interest in having the item or jointly attending to it
Kids desire to be helpful/cooperative

Question 16

Carpenter et al

Answer 16

Kid whose parents jointly attended to them and followed in (talked about the things the child is attending to) tended to have larger vocabularies, both then and later, by as much as 50%

Question 17

Common ground

Answer 17

The knowledge that two communicators share with each other, and know they share, that makes it possible for them to understand each other