Lecture 12 - Stereotypes

Question 1

stereotypes defintion

Answer 1

• cognitive
• mental representations
• prototypes or examples
• generalizations

Question 2

prejudices defintion

Answer 2

• affective

- based on emotions, feelings

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

• behavior
• can be negative or positive (affirmative action)
• shape behavior

Question 4

accentuation effect

Answer 4

• exaggerating similarities between outgourp members

Question 5

Eliot experiment

Answer 5

• by third grade teacher
• children devided into superior and inferiro group based on eye colour
• superior children’s personality changed more, felt like kings

Question 6

outgroup homoheneity effect

Answer 6

• outgroup members appear more alike

Question 7

traits predicting discrimination

Answer 7

• authoritarian personality

- social dominance orientation

Question 8

prevalence of social dominance orientaton

Answer 8

• higher in priviledged group

Question 9

illusory correlation

Answer 9

• overestimating variables

- e.g. if a refugee commits a crime, we make a connection, not for a Dutch guy

Question 10

cognitive explanation for illusory correlation

Answer 10

• minorities are attention grabbing,, so are the negative bahaviors

Question 11

group size and stereotypes experiment

Answer 11

• more negative info for small group remembered
• accurate for larger group
• even if groups have no content

Question 12

origins of stereotypes

Answer 12

• social learning

- only tendency is inate, not the content

Question 13

implicit stereotype example

Answer 13

• hear black, respond faster to words like lazy and hsotile

- only works for implicit stereotypes

Question 14

experiment on implicit stereotypes

Answer 14

• picture displayed for .6 sec, decide whether person is holding gun or not
• less mistakes for black people, more misidentifying for guns
• same result with black participants

Question 15

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 15

• illicits stereo-confirming behavior in minorities

Question 16

subliminal priming experiment

Answer 16

• one partner was primed with black or white face
• balck condition became more angry and frustrated
• projected onto partner as well

Question 17

collective narcisism

Answer 17

• own group or country is superior

Question 18

deindividuation

Answer 18

• a group behaves like a single organism

Question 19

realistic conflict theory

Answer 19

• rational competition e.g. over scarce resources

- creates inter-group conflict

Question 20

examples for deindividuation

Answer 20

• KKK
• Zimabardo’s Milgram variation with hoods
• positive: people becoming more touchy and intimate in dark room

Question 21

explanations for Stanford prison experiment

Answer 21

• deindividuation by refering to people as numbers

- situational amibguity: unclear norms, so create own or follow leader (emergent norms theory)

Question 22

Robber’s cave

Answer 22

• intergroup conflict over scarce resources
• create to groups, make them cohesive
• create competition
• after they hate eachother try to bring them together again

Question 23

ingroup behavior of Robber’s cave

Answer 23

• own norms and habits
• started to hate eachother
• stereotypes
• more ingroup bias

Question 24

phase 3 of Robber’s cave

Answer 24

• establish common goals
• make them work together
• > decreased hostility
• > some even became friends
• > it’s easy to create conflict but it’s also easy to solve it

Question 25

social identity

Answer 25

• personal, about individual

- affective

Question 26

social categorization

Answer 26

• about groups

- cognitive

Question 27

insecurity/uncertainty reduction

Answer 27

• e.g. you are at a soccer match, at first insecure, after a while you go along and cheer with everybosy

Question 28

accentuation effect

Answer 28

• qualitities of ingroup
  exaggerated
• same for negative aspects of outgroup
  -differences exaggerated