7 - Skin Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is this an example of and what are some complications with this condition?

A

Erythroderma

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2
Q

What cell types are in the epidermis and how do you get pathology in the epidermis?

A
  • Change in epidermal turnover
  • Change in the surface of the skin
  • Change in pigmentation of the skin
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3
Q

What are a few examples of disease affecting the epidermis?

A
  • Psoriasis
  • Vitiligo
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4
Q

What is the dermis made up of and what are some diseases of the dermis?

A
  • Made of collagen, elastin and GAGs giving strength and elasticity
  • Contains immune cells, nerve cells, skin appendages, lymphatics and blood vessels
  • Dermatographism, Acne (sebaceous glands comedones)
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5
Q

What are the two types of sweat gland?

A
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6
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of dermatitis?

A
  • Group of inflammatory conditions affecting the epidermis, one is eczema
  • Can be inflammed, dry, red, cracked, flaky, thickened and skin pigmentation changes and vesicles and extreme itching
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of eczema (atopic dermatitis)?

A
  • Atopic or family history of atopy
  • Occurs on flexure areas, e.g back of knees
  • Dry thickened itchy areas
  • Skin often becomes lichenified and excoriated
  • Usually bilateral, made worse by cold and allergies like pets
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8
Q

How can we manage eczema?

A

- Remove trigger factors e.g heat, diet

- Regular emollients

- Intermittent topical steroids for flares

  • Sometimes antibiotics, phototherapy, antihistamines (stop itching) and immunosuppressants
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9
Q

What are the presenting sympoms of acne vulgaris?

A
  • Mainly affects adolescents, more severe in adulthood
  • On face but can spread to neck and back etc
  • Individual lesions are centred on the pilosebaceous unit but can all coalesce
  • Lots of papules and comedones
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10
Q

How can we grade acne?

A
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11
Q

How can we treat acne vulgaris?

A

Mild: topical anti-acne preparations, lasers and lights

Moderate: antibiotics like tetracyclines or OC pill

Severe: course of oral isotretinoin (reduces sebum production)

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12
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of psoriasis?

A
  • Red and scaly plaques with well defined edges. Often silvery
  • Plaques found in scalp, elbows and knees mainly (extensor)
  • Mild itch but if severe can lead to lichenification, painful cracks and fissures
  • When a plaque clears can leave pigmented area
  • Can have pitting nails and nail separation
  • Common in caucasians, has genetic and autoimmune component
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13
Q

What are some things that can aggravate psoriasis and what health conditions is it associated with?

A

Associated with:

  • Coeliacs
  • IBS
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • T1DM
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14
Q

How can we treat psoriasis?

A

- Avoid smoking, alcohol and maintain optimal weight

- Topical: emollients, corticosteroids, Vit D analogues, salicyclic acid

- Phototherapy

- Systemic agents (severe): methotrexate and corticosteroids (avoided a lot due to withdrawal flares and systemic effects)

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