ADAPTED SPORT

Question 1

What is the structure of competition for the sport

Answer 1

• Minimal disability for inclusion in competition
• Grouping of athletes with similar physical or visual impairments
• Requirement for inclusion as a paralympic sport

Question 2

What is required to be eligible to compete in adapted sport

Answer 2

athlete must have an impairment that leads to a permanent and verifiable activity limitation relevant to sport performance

Question 3

What are some of the areas which are taken into consideration when determining eligibility

Answer 3

• Limb deficiency
• Impaired PROM
• Impaired muscle power
• High muscle tone
• Lack of control of voluntary movement
• Involuntary contractions of muscles

Question 4

Who are clinical classifiers

Answer 4

Individuals with formal education (degree qualification) and licence to practice physiotherapy,, occupation therapy or medicine

Question 5

Who are Technical classifiers

Answer 5

Individuals with a formal education in exercise/sport science, coaches with qualifications recognized by their national federation, retired athletes who have competed internationally

Question 6

What are the general athlete disability groups

Answer 6

• Amputee
• CP
• SCI
• Visual impairment
• les autres
• Intellectual impairment

Question 7

What is taken into consideration when classifying athletes with SCI

Answer 7

• Joint ROM - passive
• MMT - certain muscles will be taken into account depending sport
• Trunk function

Question 8

What are the 3 classifications for people with visual impairments

Answer 8

B1 - From no light perception in either eye to light perception but inability to recognize shape of a hand at any distance in any direction
B2 - From ability to recognize the shape of a hand to a visual acuity of 2/60 and/or visual field of less than 5 degrees
B3 - From visual acuity above 2/60 to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of more than 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees

Question 9

What is a flaw in the classification of visual impairments

Answer 9

It is done in a controlled room with controlled light - not accurate for many sports, i.e. skiing with flat light

Question 10

What are four challenges to classification

Answer 10

• pain cannot be considered - if they say they cant do something because it is painful you end classification there

Question 11

What are four challenges to classification

Answer 11

• pain cannot be considered - if they say they cant do something because it is painful you end classification there
• level of training of athlete
• Broad range of functional abilities within a sport class
• Historical separation of disability groups of athletes

Question 12

Which injuries are more common in wc athletes

Answer 12

shoulder
arm
elbow

Question 13

in athletes with visual impairment which injuries are most common

Answer 13

ankle, LE

Question 14

In athletes with CP which injuries are most common

Answer 14

Knee most
Shoulder
Forearm/wrist
Leg/ankle

Question 15

What are some prosthesis considerations

Answer 15

• Athlete-Prosthesis interface (sleeve, proper fit)
• Prosthesis - Surface interface
• Force production

Question 16

What could be the downside or an incorrect prosthesis-athlete interface

Answer 16

Altered and reduced force production - may lead to forces travelling through body differently causing injury and shearing forces on skin - skin breakdown

Question 17

How do you reduce risk of abrasion, pressure sores, blisters, and rashes from prosthetics

Answer 17

• Skilled fitting
• Residual limb shape and size changes monitored
• Appropriate skin care
• Appropriate rest of the residual limb

Question 18

What injuries does spasticity (CP) predispose athletes to

Answer 18

• knee injuries commonly involve the patellofemoral joint

- Deformities of foot and ankle (e.g. equinas, equinovarus, and valgus deformities) - ankle instability

Question 19

What are the focus areas when working with people with CP in sport

Answer 19

• Sport specific strength and ROM program
• Optimize technique
• Use of braces
• Medications decreasing muscle tone

Question 20

What may a brace be used for in athletes with CP

Answer 20

• Reducing tone
• Improving biomechanics
• maintaining length

Question 21

what are common injuries seen in WC or UE dominant sports

Answer 21

• Shoulders - Weight bearing joints for wheelchair propulsion and transfer
• Bicipital tendonitis and rotator cuff impingement tend to be the most common pathologies
• Suprascapular neuropathies - infraspinatus

Question 22

Does athletic involvement of wheelchair users increase of decrease risk of shoulder pain

Answer 22

decrease

Question 23

Management of shoulder injuries in w/c athletes

Answer 23

• Seating and equipment interface with athlete
• Posture
• muscle imbalance and joint ROM
• muscle strength and endurance of stabilizers
• biomechanics of sport performance
• Training plan and schedule
• Inflammatory management

Question 24

why is rowing for w/c athletes so good?

Answer 24

opposite motion as w/c propulsion

Question 25

What are common peripheral nerve entrapment seen with w/c users

Answer 25

• Carpal tunnel syndrome involving the median nerve and ulnar nerve

Question 26

High risk skin health areas

Answer 26

• Sacrum
• Isch tub
• Spine
• Ankles
• Areas of strapping

Question 27

Why is thermoregulation an area of concern for SCI athletes

Answer 27

Disrupted control of skin blood flow and sweating below the level of lesion

Question 28

What are ways to manage the reduced thermoregulation of SCI athletes

Answer 28

• proper hydration
• Cool water sprays
• practice times
• Temperature monitoring
• Dont use heat packs