Outbreak investigation: steps 1 - 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the first ive steps?

A
  1. prepare for fieldwork
  2. confirm existence of outbreak
  3. confirm the diagnosis
  4. define and identify cases
  5. describe and orient the data
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2
Q

step 1?

A

prepare for fieldwork

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3
Q

4 aspects of preparing for fieldwork

A

understand epidemiological factors
decide on the team
organise supplies
organise logistics

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4
Q

epidemiological factors include

A

risk factors, past outbreaks

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5
Q

team includes

A

front line people, behind the scenes people (including data analysers)

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6
Q

supplies could include

A

lab, PPE, phone, computer

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7
Q

logistics could include

A

communication, money, immunisation, transport

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8
Q

step two

A

confirm the existence of an outbreak

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9
Q

again an outbreak means

A

increase in normal levels of disease

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10
Q

what is the way that we verify existence?

A
identifying cases
monitoring cases (surveillance)
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11
Q

3 types of surveillance

A

active
passive
sentinel/targetted

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12
Q

define: passive surveillance

A

waiting for diseased people to access health service

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13
Q

define: active surveillence

A

testing everyon

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14
Q

define: sentinel/targetted surveillance

A

finding people in contact with disease and testing them, and so on

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15
Q

could increase in cases be due to regions other than pathogenicity

A

yes

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16
Q

doctor factors leading to “increase” in cases?

A

new staff in a department
having performance initiatives
increase doctor awareness

17
Q

patient factors?

A

them being more aware of disease, hence presenting to doctors more

18
Q

systemic and test factors?

A

change in surveillance and reporting procedures
new case definition
new diagnosis method
false positives

19
Q

step 3?

A

confirm the diagnosis

20
Q

step 4?

A

define and identify cases

21
Q

what does a case definition include? factor one

A

clinical features, lab results, person/time/place

22
Q

what does a case definition include? factor two

A

levels of the disease - confirmed, probable, possible

23
Q

define: confirmed, probable, possible

A

confirmed: lab results
probable: has symptoms but not lab results
possible

24
Q

describe what case finding involves

A

looking for people at risk of developing disease

and preventing them from developing disease

25
Q

step 5?

A

describe and orient the data

26
Q

common point source outbreak: describe and graph?

A

everyone is exposed at once.

so graph looks like a peak

27
Q

continuous extended source outbreak: describe and graph?

A

exposure exists for a long time. so graph has a plateau

28
Q

propagated/progressive outbreak: describe and graph.

A

one group is exposed and infected, they in turn infect more people and so on. grpah looks like a wave