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CompTia A+ 1001 > 1001 > Flashcards

1001 Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of LCD

A
  • Lightweight
  • Low power Usage
  • Relatively Inexpensive
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2
Q

Disadvantages of LCD

A
  • Struggles to display true black due to backlight
  • Requires seperate backlight
  • Difficult to replace
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3
Q

How does OLED work?

A
  • Organic compounds that emit light when receiving an electric current.
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4
Q

Advantages of OLED

A
  • Thinner and lighter
  • No glass required
  • No backlight leading to better colour representation
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5
Q

Disadvantages of OLED

A
  • Organic materials decay over time
  • Decayed images can remain on screen
  • Costly
  • Power Hungry
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6
Q

Keyboard hotkey for dual display options

A

FN + F4

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7
Q

What is a LCD Switch?

A

Displays to another screen when laptop is closed. Physical switch on older systems but newer ones use a magnetic strip. Functionality can be altered in the BIOS.

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8
Q

What are the possible wireless control options on a laptop?

A

Physical switch

Function Key

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9
Q

What does GPS stand for?

A

Global Positioning System

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10
Q

How do GPS devices work?

A

Location is determined via GPS signal. GPS requires periodic updates and needs a view of the sky.

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11
Q

What are the different types of headsets?

A

Hands-free audio (earphones + microphone)
Wired
Wireless

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12
Q

What is the a TRRS connector?

A

Tip-Ring-Ring-Ring Sleever
Also known as 3.5mm jack.
Used in wired headsets

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13
Q

Whats the difference between a Screen Protector and a Device Protector?

A

Screen protector covers the screen. It prevents scratches but can be difficult to install.

A device protector wraps around the entire device. It can be waterproof but tends to cause an issue for docks/wireless chargers.

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14
Q

How can credit card readers connect to a phone?

A
  • Audio/mic connections (TRRS Jack)
  • Lightning connector
  • USB
  • Bluetooth
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15
Q

What type of network is Bluetooth?

A

PAN (Personal area network)

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16
Q

What is PRL

A

Preferred roaming list.

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17
Q

What are the types of cellular networks?

A

GSM - Used globally
CDMA - Used in American & Russia. Higher capacity (uses whole band).
No SIM so is locked to network provider.

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18
Q

What are PRI updates?

A

Product Release Instructions.

Updates specific radio settings such as ID numbers, network codes, country codes.

Updated over the air.

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19
Q

What are the two ways used to identify mobile devices.

A

IMEI - International Mobile Station Equipment Identity.

  • Identifies phones.
  • Unique to each phone

IMSI - International Mobile Subscriber Identity

  • Identifies user of the network.
  • Common on SIM Card (allows data etc to be carried over as SIM card does).
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20
Q

What is FTP?

A
  • File Transfer Protocol
  • Allows the transfer of files between Systems.
  • Can be encrypted using username/password
  • Supports anonymous log in (anon username any password)
  • Full featured functionality - allows control of files on target system.
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21
Q

What is the tcp/20 port?

A

FTP Active mode data port

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22
Q

What is tcp/21 port?

A

FTP Control port

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23
Q

What is SSH and how does it work?

A
  • Secure Shell
  • tcp/22
  • Encxrypted communication link via console.
  • Looks and acts the same as Telnet
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24
Q

What is Telnet?

A
  • Telecommunication network
  • tcp/23
  • Older version of SSH, used in legacy devices with no SSH support.
  • Allows login to devices remotely and is not encrypted.
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25
Q

What is SMTP?

A
  • Simple mail transfer protocol
  • Server to server email transfer.
  • Commonly used to send mail from a device to a mail server (computers and mobile devices)
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26
Q 
Name what technologies belong to which protocol:
tcp/20
tcp/21
tcp/22
tcp/23
tcp/24
tcp/25
tcp/80 
tcp/110
tcp/139
tcp/443
udp/53
udp/137
udp/138
A 
tcp/20 - FTP Active protocol
tcp/21 - FTP control protocol
tcp/22 - SSH (Secure Shell)
tcp/23 - Telnet (Telecommunication Network)
tcp/25 - SMTP
tcp/80 - HTTP
tcp/110 - POP3
tcp/143 - IMAP4
tcp/389 - LDAP
tcp/443 - HTTPS
tcp/427 - Service Location Protocol
tcp/445 - NetBIOS-less
tcp/548 - Apple Filing Protocol
tcp/3389 - RDP
udp/53 - DNS
udp/67 - Dynamic Host configuration protocol #1
udp/68 - Dynamic Host configuration protocol #2
udp/137 - Netbios Datagram Services
udp/138 - Netbios Session service
udp/161 - SNMP Queries
udp/162 - SNMP Traps
udp/427 - Service Location Protocol
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27
Q

What are the alternatives to SMTP (2)

A

IMAP

POP3

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28
Q

What is DNS and how does it work?

A 
Domain Name System
---------------------------------
- udp/53
- Upon typing URL sends request to DNS server which responds with required IP for webserver.
-
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29
Q

What does tcp stand for?

A

Transmission control protocol

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30
Q

What does UDP stand for?

A

User Datagram Protocol

31
Q

Explain Http / Https

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

- HTTPS is the “secure” version and is encrypted.

32
Q

Explain POP3

A

Post office protocol version 3

tcp/110
Provides basic mail transfer functionality.

33
Q

Expain IMAP4

A

Internet message access protocol v4

tcp/143
Allows mail transfer but additionally allows management of email inbox from multiple devices.

34
Q

Explain RDP

A

Share a desktop from a remote location.
Uses tcp/3389
Works on many versions of windows. also versions for other OSs.

35
Q

Explain SMB

A

Standard set of prococols Windows uses for file sharing, printer sharing etc.
Also referred to as CIFS (common internet file system).

36
Q

Explain Netbios

A

Legacy Windows communication. Netbios inside UDP or TCP packet.

37
Q

What is NetBIOS naming services (nbname), and what port does it use.

A

Allows the system to find a device on a network by it’s name.
Uses Port udp/137

38
Q

What is NetBIOS datagram services (nbdatagram) and what port does it use?

A

Uses, receives and sends datagrams over a network.

Uses port udp/138

39
Q

What port does NetBIOS session service (nbsession) use?

A

Uses port tcp/139

40
Q

Why is Netbios now redundent?

A

Current windows do not have to parse between NetBIOS types, can directly communicate over tcp/445 (NetBIOS-less) .

41
Q

What is Apples MAC protocols

A

Apple Filing Protocol

  • Uses port tcp/548
  • Max OS file protocol allows users to access outside system files.
  • Additionally provides security features to restrict user access to files.
42
Q

Explain SLP

A

Service Location Protocol

  • Method of organising and locating resources (e.g. printer, disk drives, databases) in a network.
  • Allows the re-arrangement and management of services, or installation without reconfiguring individual workstations.
  • Uses tcp/427 & udp/427
43
Q

Explain DHCP

A

Dyanmic Host Configuration Protocol

  • Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask & other options.
  • This allows device to communication via IP.
  • IP is leased for a certain time, DHCP server needs to be checked periodically to ensure IP is okay else re-assign it.
  • DCHP can be configured for reservations. DCHP server can recognise MAC address and provide same IP each time.
  • Uses ports: udp/67, udp/68
44
Q

Explain LDAP

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

  • For accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an IP network.
  • Commonly used in Microsoft Active Directory.
  • Primary place for storing network authentication.
  • tcp/389
45
Q

Explain SNMP

A 
Simple network management protocol
------------------------------------------------
- Queries using udp/161
- Traps udp/162
Gather statistics from network devices.
46
Q

What is a SNMP trap?

A

SNMP traps enable an agent to notify the management station of significant events by way of an unsolicited SNMP message.

47
Q

What are the three different versions of SNMP

A

V1 - The original - non-encrypted - structured tables
V2 - Data type enhancements, bulk transfers, non-encrypted
V3 - Message integrity, authentication method, encrypted.

48
Q

What hardware does a device require to connect to a network?

A
  • Network interface card,
  • One per network type (e.g. wifi, lan)
  • Often built into motherboard
49
Q

What options are availabe for Network interface cards?

A

Single Port
Multi port - Multiple ports of same type (e.g. 2x ethernet ports)
- Copper
- Fibre

50
Q

What does a repeater do?

A

Receives a signal, regenerates it and then resends

51
Q

Why are repeaters used?

A
  • To boost copper or fibre connections
  • Convert network media (e.g. fibre to copper)
  • Extend wireless network reach.
52
Q

What is a multi-port repeater?

A

Traffic sent to one port is repeated to every other port

53
Q

What are the characteristics of multi-port repeaters?

A
  • Everything is half duplex (only one device can send data at a time)
  • Becomes less efficent as network speeds increase.
  • Can only find in 10/100 megabit
  • Uncommon today.
54
Q

What does a bridge do?

A
  • Hub networks connected via bridge. Bridge would make decision on how traffic should be routed.
  • Can connect different physicalk network. e.g. can connect a wired network to a wifi one.
  • Instead of a hub bridge will send via MAC address.
55
Q

Describe the characteristics of a Network Switch

A
  • Control device that connects devices on a computer network using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.
  • Allows the sharing of data across a network.
  • Uses ASIC
  • Determines where to send based on MAC address.
56
Q

Explain the two types of switches

A

Unmanaged switch - Works out of the box, cannot be configured. Typically tend to be cheaper

Managed Switch - Can be configured. Can monitor locally and remotely.

57
Q

What does ASIC stand for?

A

Application specific integrated circuit

58
Q

What does MAC address stand for and what does it mean?

A

Hardware identification number which identifies a device on a network.

59
Q

What is a router?

A
  • Device that routes draffic between IP subnets

- Used for diverse network types (lan, wan, copper etc)

60
Q

What is a Wireless access point (WAP)

A
  • Extends a wired network to a wireless network.

- Makes forwarding network based on MAC address

61
Q

What is a wirless router?

A

A router and a WAP in a single device.

62
Q

What is a wireless LAN controller?

A
  • Device which manages WAPs. Can also provide management functions
  • Allows employement of new access points
  • Peformance and security monitoring
  • Deploy and configure blanket changes
  • Report on usage
  • Usually proprietary but can be cloud.
63
Q

What is a firewall?

A
  • Allows the filter of info based on port number.
  • Some firewalls can filter based on application
  • Can encrypt traffic in/out of network.
  • Can act as a proxy
64
Q

Cable Modem

A
  • Provides Broadband
  • Can transmit across multiple frequencies
  • Supports multiple traffic types
  • Data sent via DOCSIS standard.
65
Q

What is DOCSIS?

A

Data over cable service interface specification. Supports multiple services, e.g. video, voice

66
Q

DSL Modem

A

  • Uses ADSL
    Data sent over telephone lines
67
Q

What does ADSL stand for and what does it mean?

A

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

  • Download speed > upload speed
  • 10,000 foot limitation from central office and jack inside of home.
68
Q

What is a patch panel?

A

Panel terminates individual wires under 110 block. (e.g. in an office space)
Facilitates a patch between individual workstations and networking equipment. Allows easy configuration.

69
Q

RJ45 Connectors

A

Go all the way back to persons individual desk.

70
Q

Define POE

A

Power over Ethernet

71
Q

How does Power over Ethernet work?

A

Single cable to provide both network + power.

Power provided from switch (endspan)

72
Q

What is a POE injector?

A

Sometimes devices require POE but switch does not support power providing. In those cases a POE injector can add power to ethernet connection (midspan)

73
Q

How to identify PoE supported switch?

A

Reads on the switch (e.g. “PoE + managed switch)

74
Q

Defined EOP

A

Opposite of EOP. Power cables used to provide ethernet. Alternatively called POL (powerline communication).

CompTia A+ 1001 (2 decks)

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