Child development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four domains of child development?

A

Gross motor and posture
Fine motor and visual
Language and hearing
Social, emotional and behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define child development

A

The global impression of a child which encompasses growth, increasing understanding, acquisition of skills and sophistication of behaviours. It is the process of increasing the complexity of skills to function within society.
Baby—> adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the key gross motor and posture milestones

A
Newborn=limbs flexed and symmetrical posture
6-8wks= sits without support
8-9mnth= crawls
12 mnths=unsteady walking
15 mnths steady walking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the key fine motor and visual milestones?

A
6wks follows object moving face
4 mnths= reaches for toys
4-6mnths= palmar grip
10 mnths= pincher grip
(honestly there's alot)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do babies start to laugh?

A

At 3-4 mnths along with coos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When can babies speak in 3 to 4 word sentences?

A

2.5-3 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many words can a baby say by:
12mnths
18mnths

A
12= 2-3 (excluding mama and dada)
18= 6-10 words
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the major social behaviour and play milestones?

A
6 wks= smiles responsively
6-8mnths= puts food into mouth
10-12 mnths= waves and plays peek-a-boo
12mnth= drinks from sippie cup
18mnths= uses spoon to feed self
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the primitive reflexes?

A

Stepping, moro, grasp, asymmetrical tonic reflex and rooting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define developmental milestone

A

The acquisition of a key performance skill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define limit ages

A

The maximum age at which a milestone should be reached ( 2 standard deviations from the mean)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can developmental progress be assessed?

A

Through screening or standardised developmental tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three main patterns of developmental delay?

A

Slow and steady
Plateu
Regression (loss of previously acquired skills)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between consonant delay and dissonant delay?

A

Consonant effects all domains equally, but in dissonant delay the domains are affected to different extents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main risk to development caused by folate deficiency?

A

neural tube defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 causes of global developmental delay

A

Down’s syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, meningitis and trauma.

17
Q

What can cause talking delays?

A

Stammer, hearing deficit, maturation delay and environmental factors.

18
Q

What developmental delay be caused by cerebral palsy?

A

Walking delay.

19
Q

What specific questions would be useful whilst taking a history regarding a child with developmental delay?

A
Antenatal - illness, infection, drugs (both sorts)
Birth- prem, prolonged, complicated?
Postnatal-infection, trauma
Consanguinity
Developmental milestones
20
Q

What examinations would you do as part of a developmental assessment?

A

Growth- height, weight, HC, dysmorphia?
neuorlogical and skin check
systems examination to identify associations
standardised developmental assessments (SOGSII, griffiths and denver)

21
Q

Which HCP may be involved in an MDT approach to caring for a child with developmental delay.

A

Paediatrician, special health visitor, speech and language therapist, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and psychologists.

22
Q

Define autism

A

Neurobiological disorder characterised by qualitative impairment of social interactions and communication. Also restricted, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behaviour, interest and activities.

23
Q

What comorbidities are associated with autism?

A

Learning, attention difficulties and epilepsy

24
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD

A

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity lasting >6mnths and starting <7yrs not consistent with normal development.
These should be present in more than one setting and cause significant social or school impairment.

25
Q

What is ADHD associated with in terms of adult life

A

Antisocial personality, criminal behaviour and substance abuse.