Cardiac Review Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Cor triatriuatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sign and indication?

A

Double density sign - superimposed countor on the right heart from enlargement of the right side of left atrium

  • Can also see splaing of the carina (angle of 90 degrees suggests enlargement)
  • Can also see walking man sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sign and cause?

A

Walking man sign - posterior displacement of the left main stem brhoncus on the lateral radiograph creating and upside down “V” shape with the intersection of the right bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Finding and association?

A

Echogenic focus in left ventricle

  • calcified papillary muscle that usually goes away, can be normal
  • associated with increased incidence of Downs (13%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RCA perfuses SA node what % of the time?

What about the AV node?

A

RCA perfused SA node 60% of the time and AV node 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnosis?

A

ALCAPA Anaomalous Left Coronary fromt he Pulmonary Artery

  • aka Bland-White-Gardland Syndrome
  • Infantile type where patients die early and adult type who are at risk of sudden cardiac death
  • Steal syndrome is where there is reversal of flow in the LCA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Coronary Fistula

  • abnormal connection between CA and cardiac chamber or great vessels - usually RCA to right cardiac chamber
  • Think of this if you seen crazy big dilation of the coronaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

I say supra-valvular aortic stenosis

A

Williams Syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is characterized by some or all or the following features:

  • craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. elfin facies)
  • oral abnormalities
  • short stature (50% of cases)
  • mild to moderate mental retardation
  • supravalvular aortic stenosis
  • pulmonary artery stenosis
  • renal insufficiency
  • hypercalcemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

I say Biscupid Aortic Valve and Coarctation

A

Turners Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary Stenosis levels and associations

A
  • Supra-valvular - Williams Syndrome (same as AS)
  • Valvular - Noonan’s Syndrome (Male version of Turner’s)
  • TOF

Trivia - peripheral pulmonary stenosis is seen with Alagille’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Ebstein anomaly

  • Massive “box-shaped” heart on CXR
  • Seen in kids whose moms used Lithium
  • Enlarged RA, decreased (atrialized) RV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Associated with tricuspid atresia

A

Findings

  • Normal heart size with hypoplasia of RV (normal heart size differentiates from Ebsteins), almost always with ASD or PFO
  • Associated with asplenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which is right arch configuration is associated with more congential heart disease?

A

Right arch with mirror image branching (more than aberrant left subclavian)

  • Most commonly associated with TOF (90% will have TOF only 6% will have Truncus)
  • Most clostely associated with Truncus (If a person has truncus then 33% will have right arch, if person has TOF then 25% will have right arch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Congential Heart Anomalies

  • Egg on String
  • Snow man
  • Boot shaped
  • 3
  • Box shaped
  • Scimitar Sword
A
  • Egg on String - Transposition
  • Snow man - TAPVR (Supracardiac)
  • Boot shaped - TOF
  • 3 - Coarctation
  • Box shaped - Ebstein
    • non-cardiac causes of highoutput failure (Infantile hemangioendothelioma and vein of Galen malformation)
  • Scimitar Sword - PAPVR with hypoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Congenital Heart Flow Chart

A

If Cyanotic

  1. Side of Arch
    1. If Right then TOF or Truncus
    2. Truncus pulmonary vasculature is increased
  2. Heart size (massive Ebstein, pulmonary atresia w/o VSD or non-cardiac causes)
  3. Pulmonary blood flow
    1. Increased then TAPVR, D-transposition, Truncus, Tingle Ventricle
    2. Decreased or normal then TOF, Ebsteins, Tricuspid atresia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cyanotic and Non Cyanotic Heart disorders

A

Cyanotic

  1. TOF
  2. TAPVR
  3. Transposition
  4. Truncus
  5. Tricuspid atresia

Non Cyanotic

  • ASD, VSD, PDA, PAPVR, Coarctation
17
Q

I say PDA you say these 3 things

A
  1. Prematurity
  2. Maternal Rubella
  3. Cyanotic Heart Disease
18
Q

ASD subtypes, associations and factoids

A
  • Secundum is most common and may spontaneously close
  • Primum is larger and more likely to be symptomatic, located next to AV valve tissue
  • Hand/thumb defects + ASD = Holt Oram
  • Ostium primum (endocardial cushion defect) - think Downs Syndrome
  • Sinus venosus ASD - PAPVR (usually Suprior Right PV)
19
Q

Name 4 findings in TOF

A
  1. RVOT obstruction (often valvular)
  2. VSD
  3. Over-riding aorta
  4. RVH

Severity relates to how bad the RVOT obstruction

Famous shunt is Blalock-Taussig procedure

20
Q

Truncus arteriosus associations

A
  • VSD
  • Right arch
  • CATCH-22 DiGeorge Syndrome
21
Q

Name Valves

A

Green - pulmonary (highest)

Blue - aortic

Pink - mitral (most posterior)

Yellow - tricuspid (most apical)

22
Q

Biventricular thombus

A

Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy (Loeffler)

23
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Myocarditis

  • LGE non-vascular distribution, typically lateral free wall, pattern will be epicardial or mid wall (not endocardial)
  • Often viral - coxackie virus
24
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Cardiac Sarcoid

  • High T2 as well as early and late GE
  • Pattern of enchancement - focal wll thickening from edema which can mimic HCOM, often involves the septum
25
Q

LGE Enhancement patterns

A
26
Q

Diagnosis/DDx

A

Angiosarcoma

  • Ddx mets
  • Most common primary malignatn cardiac tumor in adults, like the RA and tend to involve pericardium
27
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Pericardial agenesis

  • Partial absence of pericardium over the left atrium and adjacent pulmonary artery
  • abnormal levorotation of the heart apex which may be seen contacting the left wall
  • Cardiac herniation and volvulus can occur
28
Q
A
29
Q

Procedure?

A

Mustard/Senning baffle for d-TGA

In this illustration of a heart with TGA that has had a Mustard/Senning repair, the blue blood flows through the two-way Systemic Venous Baffle (SVB) to the left ventricle. The blue blood is pumped to the lungs to get oxygen. The red oxygenated blood is directed through the Pulmonary Venous (PV) baffle to the right atrium and gets pumped by the right ventricle to the rest of the body.

30
Q

What is the Ross procedure?

A

The Ross procedure (or pulmonary autograft) is a cardiac surgery operation where a diseased aortic valve is replaced with the person’s own pulmonary valve. A pulmonary allograft (valve taken from a cadaver) is then used to replace the patient’s own pulmonary valve.