Stereotyping and Labelling Flashcards
What is Hogg and Vaughan’s definition of stereotyping?
Widely shared assumptions about the personalities, attitudes and behaviour of people based on group membership, for example ethnicity, nationality, sex, race and class.
What is Allport’s definition of stereotyping?
Categories about people… shortcuts to thinking.
What is Tajfel’s definition of stereotyping?
The product of quite normal cognitive processes common to all individuals.
What is the out-group homogeneity effect?
Where people tend to perceive members of an outgroup as highly similar to each other.
What is the in-group differentiation hypothesis?
Where people see all kinds of diferences between members of their own group.
What are the 3 steps in the process of stereotyping?
1 - Assign a person to a particular group.
2 - Bring into play a certain belief that all members of that group share certain characteristics.
3 - Infer that this particular individual must possess these characteristics.
List 3 consequences of stereotypes.
1 - Stereotypes powerfully affect social perceptions and behaviour.
2 - Expectations of others and ourselves are affected by stereotypes.
3 - Stereotype threat (people feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their group).
What is the realistic conflict theory?
Which theory does it oppose?
- A theory that states that whenever there are two or more groups seeking the same limited resources, this will lead to conflict, stereotypes, beliefs and discrimination.
- Opposes social identity theory because it suggests that conflict is realist (that conflict isnt based on something irrational but on a need for resources).
What is social identity theory?
Which theory does it oppose?
- A theory that suggests that conflict arises from the need to conform to a group.
- Opposes realistic conflict theory because it suggests that conflict is due to an irrational need for identity rather than a rational need for resources.
What is scapegoating?
The act of venting frustration indirectly onto somebody / a group that has nothing to do with the source of frustration.
What are the two steps in the process of stigmatising?
1 - Recognising the differentiating mark.
2 - Devaluating the person bearing that mark.
What is stigma?
Any physical or social attribute or sign that devaluates a person’s identity.
List 3 ways in which stereotyping and stigma might lead to discrimination.
1 - Social avoidance.
2 - Withholding help.
3 - Segregation.
Define stereotype.
A stereotype is a learned assumption about members of a certain group without having a deep knowledge of that group.
List 3 things that might result from patients having negative stereotypes about doctors.
1 - Less likely to seek medical help.
2 - Less likely to be satisfied with medical care received.
3 - Less likely to adhere to prescribed treatment.
