January 14 Immunodeficiency and HIV

Question 1

Immune System includes what organs

What do they make and release

What does HIV destroy

Answer 1

Immune system includes: Spleen/tonsils/bone marrow/lymph nodes

These organs makes and release lymphocytes that are classified as B cells and T cells. The B and T cells fight invaders called antigens. B cells release antibodies specific to the disease your body detects. T cells destroy foreign or abnormal cells and are specific to HIV

HIV destroys T CELLS

Question 2

Antigens

Answer 2

Bacteria
Viruses
Cancer cells
Parasites

Question 3

Immunodeficiency

What is a Immunodeficiency disorder

What kinds are there

Explain both

HIV weakens and does what

Answer 3

An immunodeficiency disorder disrupts your body’s ability to defend itself against these antigens.

Immunodeficiency disorders: those you are born with ( primary), and those that are acquired ( secondary).

Primary: Common variable immunodeficiency, severe combined-alymphocytosis

Secondary Immunodeficiency Disorders happened when a outside source like a toxic chemical or infection attack your body:

HIV weakens our immune system so much that we are defined as having AIDS

Question 4

Who is at risk

Answer 4

Family history
Aging
Anything that weakens your immune system such as exposure to bodily fluids infected with HIV
Removal of the spleen

Question 5

HIV stands for

Answer 5

Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus

Question 6

What does AIDs stand for

What is aids

Used to die in 2-4 years but now if?

ONCE CLASSIFIED IT DOES NOT CHANGE

Answer 6

Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome

When the immune system gets extremely weakened and is no longer able to protect you from naturally occurring bacteria and viruses in the environment then you are defined as having AIDS

Use to be that if you had AIDS you may die within 2-4 years
It is better to get diagnosed early
Can take medication in order to better your immune system therefore they would go back to being a person with HIV and not AIDS anymore

Question 7

How is HIV transmitted

Answer 7

Tats, drug use 60%, unprotected sex (vaginal, anal and oral), Bod fluids (saliva/sweat cant transmit)

Pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding

Throughout Canada male to male sex is the most common way to transmit HIV

Question 8

After how many weeks can you be tested you have HIV and antibodies have been created

Symptoms

What is the latency period look like

Answer 8

12 weeks

Tender lymph nodes, rash, sore throat, diarrhea, nauseous etc. common symptoms of a virus

There is a latency period where you are infected but do not have any symptoms and then later on in life they may then begin losing weight and having a decreased immune system etc.

Question 9

How does HIV effect immune system

What cell does it affect
what does it do

normal range of this cell

under what number is dangerous

affects what body systems

Answer 9

CD4 / T helper cell
T Helper cell – it is a lymphocyte-part of the body’s natural defense system against infections, pathogens and illness

500- 1500 (indicates health of your immune system)

under 200 equals weak

ALL OF IT EVEN MENTAL

Question 10

How does it replicate

Answer 10

HIV cannot multiply on its own

HIV attached itself to an immune system T-helper cell-fuses with it—and takes control of its DNA-replicates itself inside the cell, and then releases new HIV into the bloodstream.

Question 11

HIV life cycle 4

Bind and Fusion
Conversion Integration
Replication
Assembly, budding and maturation

What kind of virus is it

How many on avg does each cell produce

Answer 11

1. Virus attaches itself to a T-helper cell and releases HIV into the cell
2. Once inside the cell, HIV changes its genetic material so it can enter the nucleus of the cell and take control
3. The cell produces more HIV proteins that can be used to produce more HIV
4. New HIV particles are released from the T-helper cell into the bloodstream –they are ready to infect other cells and begin the process all over again

HIV is a retrovirus or backward virus—slow virus so part of the lentivirus group—replicating backwards from RNA to ssDNA to DS DNA to RNA

250

Question 12

What doe it do to dendrite cells

how does it get to the T-4 cells

Explain the proviral capability

Answer 12

The virus lodges in dendritic cells of the immune system but does not infect the cell.

It can “hitch a ride” to the lymph nodes and begins it’s attack on the T-4 cells

The virus can persist as proviral DNA capable of replicating at any time—latent reservoirs—even after drug therapy—the half life is estimated to be 40-60 years

Question 13

Natural History

Initial infection
acute syndrome
HIV- specific immune response
Window period up to
Clinical latency

Answer 13

Initial infection-3-6 weeks

Acute syndrome- 1 week to 3 months
At this stage virus is most readily transmitted

HIV-Specific Immune Response ( 1-2 months)

Window period up to 12 weeks-99% will test

Clinical Latency ( 10 years)

Question 14

Point of care test

What is a accurate reading

what is a reactive reading

Answer 14

If it is a negative test it is accurate

IF there’s 2 dots there is a reactive test

If there is anything reactive about it or anything that is indeterminant then you would send it to the lab for further testing

Question 15

Dried Blood Spot Test

Can test what

Useful how

Answer 15

Can test HIV pos or neg, how much of the HIV virus, Hep C, cyphilllus

This is seen in northern areas where there is not as much access to health services

If someone tests positive it is a phone call rather than a message sent because they do not want it to be missed

Question 16

What is HIV stigma

Answer 16

Stigma is our shame and judgment about HIV. We feel ashamed and judge others. We might even reject them. Our beliefs shape the world we live in, making it harder to live with and fight HIV.

Question 17

What is the 90 90 90 2020 target

Answer 17

90 % ppl living with HIV diagnosed

90 % of people diagnosed starting treatment

90 % of people on treatment achieving viral suppression

Question 18

What is harm reduction

What kind of concept is it

What kind of solution

Values what approach

Its intention

Answer 18

A neutral, non judgmental, low threshold approach, geared towards individual attributes and context as well as social factors of behavior and potential risk for harm

HR is not a moralistic concept

HR is a pragmatic solution to the very serious issues of HIV infection.

HR is intended to be a value neutral approach & makes no assumptions

The intention of HR is to help people make informed decisions & empower them to reduce the risk of HIV infection.

Question 19

Guiding principles of Harm reduction

Answer 19

Pragmatism
Humane Values/Rights
Focus on Harms
Prioritization of Goals
Flexibility/Maximization of Intervention Options
Evaluation
Education
Informed Decision making

Question 20

Concerns about harm reduction 5

Answer 20

HR enables drug use and entrenches addictive behaviour
HR encourages drug use among non-users
HR drains resources from treatment services
HR is a Trojan Horse for decriminalization & legalization
HR increases disorder & threatens public safety & health

Question 21

Benefits of harm reduction

Answer 21

saves lives

• reduces harm
• reduces spread
• empowers people
• decreases crime

Question 22

What is an ARVS
U= U

PrEP – PEP

Hep C and HIV

Answer 22

HIV medication ( antiretroviral ARVs) –the most important piece in HIV care

Undetectable= untransmutable
If you have an undetectable HIV virus you have a very small change of transmitting it

Pre-exposure prophylaxis- is a pill that a partner can take in order to protect them self from getting HIV from a partner
PEP- post exposure prophylaxis after exposure and can go on medication

Test for both, similar, Hep C attacks liver