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Pharmacology II Exam 2 (Lauren) > ANS Physiology > Flashcards

ANS Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of receptors increase salivary and gland secretion?

A

M1 and M3

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2
Q

What kind of receptor promotes erection?

A

M3

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3
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic nerves onto renal vascular smooth muscle?

A

Dopamine

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4
Q

What kind of receptor is on the eccrine sweat glands?

A

M3!!

**even though it’s sympathetic stimulation only!*

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5
Q

Parasympathetic activity on the iris circular muscle has what effect?

A

Circular muscle contracts, pupil constricts

M3 receptor

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6
Q

What effect will parasympathetic stimulation have on the penis?

A

Erection

M receptor

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7
Q

Parasympathetic activity on the ciliary muscle has what effect?

A

Ciliary muscle contracts, lens gets rounder to accommodate NEAR vision

(M3 receptor)

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8
Q

What kind of receptors are on bronchiole smooth muscle?

A

Sympathetic: B2

Parasympathetic: M3

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9
Q

How many nerves run from the spinal cord to the target skeletal muscle for somatic innervation?

A

One

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10
Q

What kind of receptor causes increased lacrimation?

A

M3

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11
Q

What kind of receptors respond to circulating epinephrine to relax bronchioles?

A

B2

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12
Q

What kind of receptor in the lung causes bronchoconstricitno?

A

M3

Not very much in normal people, but asthmatics are too sensitive to M3 agonists

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13
Q

What kind of receptor stimulates GI contraction and increases GI motility?

A

M3

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14
Q

Parasympathetic activity on the iris radial muscle has what effect?

A

No effect

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15
Q

What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on the blood vessels?

A

NONE, they only respond to sympathetic stim!!

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16
Q

What part of the heart receives parasympathetic innervation?

A

Atria ONLY

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17
Q

What is the only kind of innervation that blood vessels have?

A

Sympathetic

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18
Q

Which branch of the ANS causes an increase in Renin?

A

Sympathetic

Renin causes vasoconstriction

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19
Q

What enzyme breaks down ACh?

A

acetylcholinesterase

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20
Q

What is the only kind of innervation received by the liver?

A

Sympathetic (does glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, etc)

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21
Q

What effect will sympathetic stimulation from drugs have on blood vessel endothelium?

A

Endothelium will release EDRF
(Endothelium derived relaxing factor)

M3, M5 receptors

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22
Q

What causes the release of ACh into the cleft?

A

Depolarization and calcium release

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23
Q

What kind of receptor constricts most blood vessels?

A

a1

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24
Q

Parasympathetic activity will have what effect on the contractility of the heart?

A

Decreases (atria)

M2 receptor

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25
Q

What kind of receptor is an ion channel?

A

Nicotinic receptors

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26
Q

What effect does sympathetic activity have on the pilomotor smooth muscle of the skin?

A

Contracts it

a receptor

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27
Q

What happens when ACh binds to a Nicotinic receptor?

A

Na+ goes in, K+ comes out and it gets a little depolarized

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28
Q

What kind of receptor increases renin secretion?

A

B1 *****

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29
Q

Which branch of the ANS dominates the tone of the GI system?

A

Parasympathetic

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30
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the bladder wall?

A

Relaxes (no time to pee)

B3 receptor

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31
Q

What effect will sympathetic stimulation have on the penis?

A

Ejaculation

a receptor

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32
Q

How does choline enter the presynaptic terminal to be recycled?

A

Through HAChT

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33
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the pregnant uterus?

A

Relaxes it (not having this baby now!)🚼

B2 receptor

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34
Q

What kind of receptors relax sphincters to allow for defecatin?

A

M3

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35
Q

What does reserpine do?

A

Depletes NE from the vesicle

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36
Q

What kind of GPCR are all B receptors ?

A

Ga-s

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37
Q

What kind of receptors are on the pregnant uterus?

A

B2

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38
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted by ALL preganglionic fibers?

A

Acetylcholine

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39
Q

What effect does sympathetic activity have on gastric secretions?

A

None

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40
Q

What is the final product of the breakdown of Epi, NE, and dopamine?

A

Vanilla Mandelic acid (VMA)

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41
Q

Wwhat kind of receptors cause nasal vasoconstriction?

A

a1

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42
Q

Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the blood vessel to skeletal muscle?

A

Relaxes aka vasodilation

(B2 receptor)

(Apparently in HUGE amounts, it can actually vasoconstrict like it does everywhere else but I’m not sure if this is right)

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43
Q

What does metyrosine do?

A

Blocks tyrosine hydroxylase= no L-Dopa synthesis

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44
Q

Sympathetic activity will have what effect on bronchiole smooth muscle?

A

Relaxes (opens airway)

B2 receptor

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45
Q

What effect will parasympathetic stimulation have on the pregnant uterus?

A

No effect

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46
Q

Does the adrenal medulla have any parasympathetic innervation?

A

No

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47
Q

What effect will sympathetic activity have on K+ levels in the body?

A

Increases K+ uptake

Must watch K+ levels carefully in severely ill/stressed patient

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48
Q

What kind of receptor increases lipolysis?

A

B3

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49
Q

Is sympathetic activity necessary for life?

A

No, you could live without it

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50
Q

What kind of receptors are on the penis

A

Sympathetic: a

Parasympathetic: M

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51
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted by post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves?

A

Acetylcholine

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52
Q

What kind of drug would you take if you had BPH and you had trouble urinating? What side effect would this have?

A

a1 antagonists make urination easier (prevent contraction of the bladder sphincter and prostate)

Side effect: can’t ejaculate
(a1 receptors needed for ejaculation)

53
Q

What kind of receptors are located on the SA node?

A

Sympathetic: predominantly B1, some B2

Parasympathetic: M2

54
Q

What kind of receptor responds to increase gastric secretions?

A

M3

55
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted onto the adrenal medulla to stimulate epinephrine and norepi release?

A

Acetylcholine

56
Q

What kind of receptors are needed for ejaculation?

A

a1

57
Q

What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on sweat glands?

A

None

58
Q

Which part of acetylcholine is recycled after it gets broken down?

A

Choline

Acetate floats away

59
Q

What does botulinum toxin do?

A

Block the release of ACh by digesting SNARES

60
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted by all postganglionic sympathetic fibers (Except sweat glands and renal vascular smooth muslce)?

A

Norepinephrine

61
Q

Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the contractility of the heart?

A

Increases

B1, some B2 receptors

62
Q

What kind of receptor causes miosis?

A

M3

Pupil constriction

63
Q

What kind of receptors are on the bladder wall?

A

Sympathetic: B3

Parasympathetic: M3

64
Q

What enzymes break down Epi, NE, and dopamine?

A

MAO and COMT

65
Q

What kind of receptor in the heart decreases heart rate and AV conduction?

A

M2

66
Q

What effect will sympathetic activity have on the sphincters in the GI tract?

A

Constricts. No pooping

a1 receptors

67
Q

What kind of receptor causes accommodation of the lens for near vision?

A

M3

68
Q

What kind of receptor relaxes the pregnant uterus?

A

B2

69
Q

Sympathetic activity on the SA node will have what effect?

A

Accelerate HR

(Mostly B1 receptors, some B2)i

70
Q

What kind of GPCR are a1 receptors?

A

Ga-q

71
Q

What type of receptor does the iris radial muscle have?

A

a1

72
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and renin release?

A

Increases them

B2 receptors

73
Q

What is the result of stimulation of a Ga-q receptor?

A

Phospholipase C activated.

IP3 and DAG released

Increased calcium

74
Q

What kind of B receptor is most sensitive to down-regulation?

A

B2

75
Q

What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on the bladder sphincter?

A

Relaxes it (time to pee!)

M3 receptor

76
Q

What ends the action of norepinephrine: degradation or reuptake?

A

Reuptake

77
Q

What kind of sympathetic receptors increase salivation?

A

a1 and B1

M1 and M3 are parasympathetic receptors that increase salivation

78
Q

What effect will parasympathetic activity have on the muscle walls of the GI tract (not sphincters)?

A

Contracts- increasing peristalsis/digestion

M3 receptors

79
Q

What kind of GPCR are a2 receptors?

A

Ga-i

1’s are Q, 2’s are i

80
Q

What kind of GPCR is M3

A

Ga-q

81
Q

What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on bladder wall?

A

Contracts the muslce (pushes pee out)

M3 receptor

82
Q

What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and renin release?

A

No effect

83
Q

What effect does parasympathetic activity have on gastric secretions?

A

Increases them

M3 receptor

84
Q

What is the major excitatory transmitter in the enteric nervous system?

A

5-HT aka serotonin

Not sure if we need to know this

85
Q

Sympathetic activity on the Iris Radial muscle has what effect?

A

Radial muscle contracts, pupils dilate

a1 receptor

86
Q

What does cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants do?

A

Block re-uptake of NE

87
Q

What effect will parasympathetic activity have on sphincters in the GI tract?

A

Relaxes. (Time to poop! 💩)

M3 receptors

88
Q

What effect will parasympathetic activity have on bronchiole smooth muscle?>

A

Constricts

M3 receptor

89
Q

What kind of drug would make a good nasal decongestant?

A

a1 agonists

Cause nasal vasoconstriction

90
Q

What is the enzyme that assembles acetylcholine?

A

ChAT

Choline + AcetylCoA

91
Q

What kind of receptor relaxes blood vessels that go to skeletal muscle/

A

B2

92
Q

How does epinephrine get made?

A

In the adrenal medulla, NE is converted to Epi

93
Q

What kind of receptor relaxes the base of the bladder and makes urination easier?

A

B3

94
Q

What type of G coupled receptor are M1 receptors?

A

Ga-q

95
Q

What does guanethidine do?

A

Inhibits the release of NE

Not used

96
Q

What effect will sympathetic stimulation have on glycogenolysis in the liver, and what receptor is targeted?

A

Increased glycogenolysis

B2 receptor

97
Q

What kind of receptors cause mydriasis?

A

a1

98
Q

How is norepinephrine made?

A

Tyrosine gets converted to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting)

L-DOPA gets converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase

Dopamine gets converted to NE

99
Q

Sympathetic activity on the Ectopic pacemakers will have what effect?

A

Increase HR

Mostly B1, some B2 receptors

100
Q

What effect does sympathetic activity have on eccrine sweat glands?

A

Increases sweating

(M receptor)!!!!

101
Q

What kind of receptors contract the bladder wall and relax the bladder sphincters to promote urination?

A

M3

102
Q

Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the muscle walls of the GI tract (not sphincters)?

A

Relaxes (effect is minor, GI is mostly parasymapthetic)

a1, B2 receptors

103
Q

Sympathetic activity on the ciliary muscle has what effect?

A

No effect

104
Q

What type of receptor is on the iris circular muscle?

A

M3

105
Q

Where do parasympathetic nerves originate?

A

Craniosacral regions

106
Q

What kind of receptors are on the sphincters in the GI tract?

A

Sympathetic: a1

Parasympathetic: M3

107
Q

What kind of receptors increase HR, AV conduction and cardiac contractility?

A

B1 (and some B2)

108
Q

Parasympathetic activity on the ectopic pacemakers will have what effect?

A

None

109
Q

What kind of receptor contractors the bladder sphincter and prostate, making urination diffficult for men?

A

a1

110
Q

What kind of GPCR is M2?

A

Ga-i

111
Q

What kind of receptors are in the muscle walls of the GI tract (not sphincters)?

A

Sympathetic: a2, B2

Parasympathetic: M3

112
Q

What kind of receptor increases gastric acid secretion?

A

M3

113
Q

What kind of receptors are at neuromuscular junctions for somatic innervation?

A

Nicotinic

114
Q

What kind of receptor causes miosis?

A

M3

115
Q

Sympathetic activity on the iris circular muscle has what effect?

A

No effect

116
Q

Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the blood vessels in the skin and internal organs?

A

Vasoconstriction

a1 receptors

117
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted by somatic nerves to skeletal muscle?

A

Acetylcholine

118
Q

What do amphetamines and tyramine do?

A

Displace NE from the vesicle and increase its release

(POURS NE into the terminal

119
Q

What kind of receptors influence the contractility of the heart?

A

Sympathetic: B1, some B2

Parasympathetic: M2

120
Q

What effect does sympathetic stim have on the bladder sphincter?

A

Contracts it (no pee dripping out)

a1 receptor

121
Q

Your patient is on a drug that causes them to have blurry far away vision. What kind of drug do you think it might be?

A

M3 agonist

Contracting the ciliary muscle to accommodate for near vision

122
Q

Is parasympathetic innervation necessary for life?

A

Yes

You couldn’t live without your vagus nerve, for example

123
Q

What kind of receptors increase glycogenolysis in the liver?

A

B2

124
Q

What is the result of stimulation of Ga-i receptors?

A

Decrease cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase

125
Q

Parasympathetic activity on the SA node will have what effet?

A

Decrease HR

M2 receptor

126
Q

What kind of receptors cause sweating?

A

M3 (SYMPATHETIC)

127
Q

If you want to decrease the intraocular pressure in a pt’s eye, what muscle needs to contract to open the angle, and what type of drug will do that?

A

Ciliary muscle contraction will increase the outflow of aqueous humor into the canal of Schliemann.

Muscarinic agonists will achieve this.

(M3 receptor)

128
Q

What kind of receptors do the ectopic pacemakers have?

A

B1, some B2

129
Q

What kind of receptors are on the bladder sphincter?

A

Sympathetic: a1

Parasympathetic: M3

Pharmacology II Exam 2 (Lauren) (9 decks)

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