Effectiveness of OHE Flashcards
What does health promotion evaluation do?
It assessed the extent to which an action achieves it valued outcomes
What is Health promotion evaluation?
The process of assessing what has been achieved and how it has been achieved
State some of the strengths of the OHP reviews
It reviews a large number of studies
It uses standardised and scientific methodologies
State some of the limitations of the OHP reviews
- Most studies include reviews that were:
- Using inadequate method and outcome measures
- Poorly designed with inadequate time scales
- Of poor quality
- Not assassin confounding factors
- Lacking a theoretical basis - Inappropriate inclusion/exclusion critic leading to selection bias
- Overemphasis on RCTs which may not be appropriate for OHP evaluations
- Inappropriate quality assessment criteria
- Inappropriate outcome measures E.g. focusing on clinical measures such as DMFT
- Publication bias
- Not assessing process or impacts
- Not assessing quality of interventions only relying on reported outcomes
- Political and funding issues
What are some of the common findings about fluoridation
- Water fluoridation is effective in preventing dental caries
- Fluoride toothpaste is effective
- The use of fluoride supplements in schools has not yet been shown to be effective
- Very little evidence to show that cost effectiveness has been assessed
What are some of the common findings about oral health promotion?
- Individuals’ knowledge of oral health can be achieved in the short term but effects on behaviour and clinical outcome are limited
- Provison of health info alone does not produced long term behavioural changes
- Interventions at an individual level are effective at reducing plaque level only in the short term
What are some of the common findings about data collection and analysis?
- Many studies were poorly designed and lacked a contemporary theoretical basic
- The quality of evaluation of most studies is poor
- Outcomes measures used were of limited value and were not comparable
- Data analysis was mostly basic as confounding facts were not assessed
What are some of the common findings about tooth brushing campaigns?
- School based tooth brushing campaigns aimed at improving oral hygiene are largely ineffective
- Mass media campaigns are largely ineffective at promoting either knowledge or behavioural changes but they may have some value in raising awareness
What are some of the common findings about sugar consumption?
Few studies have assessed the effect of oral health promotion on sugar consumption
How can health promotion be more effective?
- Comprehensive approaches using all 5 Ottawa charter strategies are the most effective
- Certain ‘settings’ like school, cities etc offer practical opportunities for effective oral health promotion
- People need to be at the heart of health promotion action programmes and decision making processes
- Real acce to education and information in appropriate and and varies of languages is vital
What is health promotion ‘key’ for?
Investment
It is an essential element of social and economical development
What facts should oral health be aiming more at currently?
Should aim at achieving: Rational use of sugar products Fluoridation of the mouth Effective oral hygiene Reductions in smoking and drinking Prevention of trauma Appropriate use of dental care
What do studies currently show about oral health promotions effectiveness?
Studies show that the current traditional curatively orientated strategies for improving health are relatively ineffective and quite expensive
What are traditional approaches and are they effective?
Traditional approaches is when information is given to a large group and It is led by an expert
It is now seen as largely ineffective
What are the new methods being used to make oral health promotion more effective?
Interventions using models of health behaviour have been shown to be effective in behavioural change
Motivational interviewing has been shown to ve effective in changing health behaviours in clinical settings
