Final Study Guide Part III

Question 1

Stages of the cell cycle

Answer 1

G1, S, G2, Mitosis

Question 2

G1

Answer 2

Growth phase

Protein synthesis

Question 3

Synthesis (S phase)

Answer 3

DNA is replicated

Question 4

G2

Answer 4

Additional growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

Process of cell division

Question 6

Steps of mitosis

Answer 6

Prophase
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase 
Cytokinesis

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

Nuclear envelope disappears, centrosomes migrate to opposite poles, spindle fibers form and attach To centromeres

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

Chromosomes line up along the equator

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

Centromeres of each chromosome divide in half, spindle fibers pull sister chromatids toward poles

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

Spindle fibers disappear, nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense

Question 11

Function of mitosis for an organism

Answer 11

Means of asexual reproduction

All growth takes place through mitosis

Question 12

How many cells are at the start and end of mitosis

Answer 12

Start with one, finish with 2

Question 13

Steps of meiosis

Answer 13

Same basic cell cycle but cell division is now meiosis I and II

Question 14

Prophase I

Answer 14

Nuclear envelope disappears
Centromeres migrate
Spindle fibers appear and attach to centromeres
Synapsid occurs where chromosomes find their homologous pairs— crossing over occurs

Question 15

Metaphase I

Answer 15

Homologous chromosomes line up on random sides

Independent assortment

Question 16

Anaphase I

Answer 16

Homologous chromosomes separate and move to poles

Question 17

Telophase I

Answer 17

Nuclear envelope reforms, centrosomes return, spindle fibers disappear

Question 18

Cytokinesis

Answer 18

Cell cleaves into 2, non-identical haploid daughter cells

Question 19

Interkinesis

Answer 19

Cells grow slightly but no replication of DNA

Question 20

Meiosis II

Answer 20

Each cell divides again. Essentially same as meiosis I.

In anaphase II sister chromatids separate and move to poles. 4 non/identity haploid gametes are produced

Question 21

Function of meiosis

Answer 21

Reproduction of sex cells (germ)

Starts with one diploid cell, finish with 4 non/identical haploid cells