Module 9: Gastrointetinal care

Question 1

name the structures of the upper GI system

Answer 1

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum

Question 2

Name the structures of the lower GI system

Answer 2

small intestine
large intestine
anus

Question 3

what is the function of the GIT

Answer 3

The gastrointestinal (GI) system performs the functions of ingestion, digestion, and elimination.

Question 4

what are the effects that the interruption of the GI will have on the body?

Answer 4

Interruptions of any of these functions can affect nutritional status, cause acid-base imbalance and affect the activities of daily living

Question 5

what is PEM

Answer 5

Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) - diet lacking in energy and protein due to a deficit in all major macronutrients

Question 6

what are the 2 types of obesity?

Answer 6

• Primary obesity
– imbalance of energy intake from the diet and energy expenditure

• Secondary obesity
– Congenital, chromosomal, metabolic, central nervous system lesions and disorders

Question 7

what is the formula for calculating BMI

Answer 7

1) divide your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in metres (m)
2) then divide the answer by your height again to get your BMI.

Question 8

what are the manifestations of GORD?

Answer 8

‒ Heartburn
‒ Dyspepsia
‒ Hypersalivation
‒ Chest pain

Question 9

what are the complications of GORD?

Answer 9

‒ Oesophagitis 
‒ Oesophageal stricture/ dysphagia 
‒ Barrett’s oesophagus 
‒ Respiratory complications 
‒ Aspiration 
‒ Dental erosion

Question 10

Made the modes of transmission for each type of Hepatitis

Answer 10

• Hepatitis A (HAV) – faecal-oral route
• Hepatitis B (HBV) – percutaneous or mucosal
• Hepatitis C (HCV) - percutaneous or mucosal
• Hepatitis D (HDV) – percutaneously similar to HBV
• Hepatitis E (HEV) - faecal-oral route

Question 11

define Crohn’s disease

Answer 11

a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcers and fistulae.

Question 12

define ulcerative colitis

Answer 12

ulcer formation in the lining of colon (large intestine).

Question 13

what is the difference between Crohn’s and UC

Answer 13

Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon while Crohn’s disease can occur anywhere between the mouth and the anus. In Crohn’s disease, there are healthy parts of the intestine mixed in between inflamed areas. Ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, is continuous inflammation of the colon.

Question 14

what are the disorders of the liver?

Answer 14

• Jaundice
• Hepatitis
• Cirrhosis

Question 15

What are the disorders of the Biliary tract?

Answer 15

‒ Cholelithiasis ( Gallstones)

‒ Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)

Question 16

what are the management goals for preoperative care for Ostomy surgery?

Answer 16

• Preparation of patient (physically and emotionally), also family/ carer
• Bowel prep
• IVAB as ordered

Question 17

what are the management goals for postoperative care for Ostomy surgery?

Answer 17

Postoperative care
• Assessment of stoma, stoma bag, and base plate
• FBC
• Assist and support pt coping
• Patient education (and family/ carer) for self-care, lifestyle techniques, nutrition, homecare