Sources of Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 3 sources of drugs?
A
- Natural
- Semisynthetic
- Synthetic
2
Q
what are the active compounds in plants
A
- alkaloids
- glycosides
- resins
- gums
- tannins
- fixed oils
- volatile oils
3
Q
alkaloids
A
- most common to create the common class of drugs
- basic nitrogenous bases that are insoluble in water and end in -ine
- their salts are soluble in water
4
Q
glycosides
A
sugars combined with organic structures
5
Q
resins
A
- substances formed by polymerization of volatile oils (longer chains of oils)
- active ingredient to increase shelf life
6
Q
gums
A
- polysaccharides secreted by certain trees
- longer chains of sugars
7
Q
tannins
A
NON nitrogenous plant constituents that produce an astringent effect (precipitate proteins)
8
Q
fixed oils
A
- STABLE oils that WILL NOT evaporate when exposed to air
- already added to an already active compound
9
Q
volatile oils
A
WILL evaporate when exposed to air
10
Q
what are drug usage examples from animal sources?
A
- blood transfusions
- plasma
- hormones
11
Q
what are drug usage examples from fungi?
A
antibiotics: penicillin, streptomycin
12
Q
what are drug usage examples from bacteria
A
antibiotics: bacitracin
13
Q
what are semisynthetic sources?
A
from natural sources and chemically treated
14
Q
what are synthetic sources?
A
highly purified substances prepared synthetically (does not come from anything natural)
