Lecture 7 - After Neoliberalism Flashcards

1
Q

1900 - how many people had lived in urban cities

A

20%

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2
Q

2050 - how many people had lived in urban cities

A

70%

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3
Q

Quote on the city

A

‘In making the city man has remade

himself.’ (Park, 1967)

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4
Q

How do banks make better use of capital

A

They finance globalisation in multiple locations - these are often cities where profit making opportunities can be found

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5
Q

London as an example for investment in the city

A

London a magnet for property investment from places such as the Middle East and Russia (like to invest their capital) – as a result property prices increase
Transforming the landscape – new development projects in London (outskirts)

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6
Q

What often moves from rural areas to cities within the economy

A

Surpluses of capital and (often rural) labour

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7
Q

What is expanded due to urbanisation

A

A global-scale credit system. In turn debt-holding workers and even governments are less likely to resist demands by capital owners

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8
Q

In what countries especially does urbanisation happen

A

Developing countries

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9
Q

What do cities want to do with mass capital

A

Invest it in cities in the hope of generating more profits

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10
Q

What is urban growth necessary for

A

The reproduction of the global system of capitalism

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11
Q

Where do homeless people often move

A

To the city

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12
Q

Questions around urbanisation

A

Is it possible for the majority of participants to benefit (even development)

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13
Q

What areas have a higher level of child poverty (%)

A

Bigger cities

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14
Q

What do bigger cities have a higher % of

A

Child poverty

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15
Q

Canada and poverty

A

Considered to be developed but they have high levels of poverty

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16
Q

How child poverty is worsening in the UK

A

Benefits are being reduced by the state in major UK cities such as London, Birmingham and Manchester

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17
Q

Harvey quote on poverty

A
'There is an inherent  class bias in the way in which spaces  in the city are allocated. Why should  we accept a system where the people  who move on are the most vulnerable  and the people who stay wherever  they like are the one-­‐
percenters?”'
18
Q

Who stated: ‘there is an inherent class bias in the way in which spaces in the city are allocated’

A

Harvey, 2012

19
Q

New York poverty

A

2nd largest financial status in the world below London – yet there is 50% population living in near poverty?

20
Q

Why does New York have such high near poverty levels

A

Unequal distribution of income and wealth as the city develops (fast developing)

21
Q

How can the government make the poverty levels worse

A

Government can take high value land from the vulnerable and compensate them whenever they want

22
Q

Issue with the market system on poverty

A

Market system allows people who have money to have control over the land, people with less money have very little control

23
Q

Strategy to manage issues associated with poverty and how they live

A

‘Right to the City’

24
Q

Cities and desires

A

Humans create cities according to their desires, however they should be made to the desires of the majority (not individuals)

25
Q

Objective of the ‘Right to the City’ movement

A

To avoid being ‘condemned’ to live in urban conditions not of one’s choosing

26
Q

Who first suggested the ‘right to the city’ movement

A

Social theorist Henri Lefebvre

27
Q

Harvey on the limitations of a city

A

‘The right to the city is too narrowly confined, restricted in most cases to a small political and economic elite’

28
Q

Example of one person impacting a large amount of area/people

A

Donald Trump – power to alter legislation (president) and is a large land owner – small political and economic elite

29
Q

Questions on a different ‘right to the city’

A

Is it possible to turn urbanisation from a precondition of profit maximisation (for a global elite minority such as financiers & real estate developers) to a precondition of social equity?

30
Q

Link between equity and happiness

A

People that live in places that are more equitable are happier – e.g. Denmark (60% taxation rate of income is highest – redistribution of this money to the people who need it and public services); the public appreciate this system (reintroduce this to the UK?)

31
Q

Issue with movements calling for new rights

A
  • Tend to be sporadic + reactive

- Political representation tend to be fragmented

32
Q

How to change the current system

A

Need people to challenge the current systems – yet these people have a poor political representation

33
Q

Example of people fighting for the minority

A

Protests against university fees

34
Q

What % of the population fo policies benefit

A

1%

35
Q

Neo-liberalism

A

Withdrawal of the state causes inequalities – market forces only (not equal)
Focus on short term projects?

36
Q

Neoliberalist blueprint

A

People from other countries should be allowed to invest here freely without limitations
Freedom of movement is essential – Brexit doesn’t want this within the EU

37
Q

Re­‐evaluate established economic vocabulary: free choice

A

Freedom to choose, not freedom to consume/access

38
Q

Re-evaluate established economic vocabulary: customer

A

No longer a person, only an entity with (perceived) buying power

39
Q

Re-evaluate established economic vocabulary: self interest

A

A­‐social, individual gain above all

40
Q

What did Massey drive

A

A programme launched 8 years ago to challenge the common sense of neo-liberalism

41
Q

Who launched a programme 9 years ago to challenge the common sense of Neo-liberalism

A

Massey

42
Q

Why a ‘softer’ approach might work

A
  • Neoliberal hegemony is never fully secure
  • Politicians constantly feel the need to assuage the public the current system is ‘fair’
  • Even within the capital‐owning class, conflicts arise