Holding Procedures

Question 1

Define holding positions

Answer 1

A predetermined manoeuvre which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance

Question 2

How are holding procedures located?

Answer 2

Located to ensure that an A/C remains clear of the ground and obstructions, ready to continue flight when authorised to do so, either to begin an approach to land or to continue en route

Question 3

Describe non published Hold

Answer 3

ACC Controllers May instruct an aircraft to hold along ATS routes or within defined controlled airspace

These holds may be required due to congestion, and the ATCO will determine the inbound axis and direction of the hold for this purpose

Question 4

Why hold?

Answer 4

In the event of the extended delays, aircraft should be advised of the anticipated delay as early as possible and, when practicable be instructed or given the option to reduce speed en route in order to absorb delay

Reason include
Weather
Traffic management

Question 5

What is a holding fix

Answer 5

May be over a point source nav-aid (NDB/VOR) or be defined as an intersection of radials it as

Question 6

What is the holding AXIS?

Answer 6

The required inbound track to the holding fix. If this is defined by VOR radials, then the axis must lie on one of the radials although it may be orientated towards or away from the relevant VOR.

Question 7

Holding Patterns turns are made at Rate 1 (3 degrees per second) or with a 25 degree of bank. Which ever requires least angle of bank.
True or False?

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

Aircraft holding at greater than 170kts May therefore turn at less than 3 deg/sec. True or False?

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Holding Speeds:

Up to and including 14,000ft.

Cat A&B aircraft shall hold at normal speed of and a turbulent speed of?

Answer 9

170kts and 170kts

Question 10

Holding Speeds:

Up to and including 14,000ft.

Cat C/D/E aircraft shall hold at normal speed of and a turbulent speed of?

Answer 10

230kts normal

280kts turbulent

Question 11

Holding Speeds:

Above 14,000ft up to and including 20,000ft

Shall hold at a normal speed of and a turbulent speed of?

Answer 11

240kts normal
280kts turbulent or
M 0.80 which ever is less

Question 12

Holding Speeds:

Above 20,000ft and up to and including 34,000ft

Shall hold at a normal speed of and a turbulent speed of?

Answer 12

265kts normal
280kts or
M0.80 whichever is less

Question 13

Holding Speeds:

Above 34,000ft

Shall hold at a normal speed of and a turbulent speed of?

Answer 13

M0.83 normal

M0.83 turbulent

Question 14

Aircraft categories

Cat A Approach is

Answer 14

Less than 91 kts (IAS)

Question 15

Aircraft categories

Cat B Approach is

Answer 15

Is 91-120kts (IAS)

Question 16

Aircraft categories

Cat C Approach is

Answer 16

121-140kts (IAS)

Question 17

Aircraft categories

Cat D Approach is

Answer 17

140-165kts (IAS)

Question 18

Aircraft categories

Cat E Approach is

Answer 18

166-210kts (IAS)

Question 19

How are aircraft categories according to their normal VAT?

Answer 19

Defined as 1.3x the stalling speed in landing configuration at maximum certified landing mass

Question 20

The outbound leg of the hold takes how long below 14,000ft?

Answer 20

1 minuet

Question 21

The outbound leg of the hold takes how long above 14,000ft

Answer 21

1.5 minutes

Question 22

How long does the standard holding pattern take below and above 14,000ft

Answer 22

4 minutes below 14,000ft

5 minutes above 14,000ft

Question 23

How can outbound leg be limited?

Answer 23

Time
DME
Limiting radial

Question 24

Name the 3 standard entry procedures

Answer 24

Sector 1 Parallel (3 Mins)
Sector 2 Offset (3 mins)
Sector 3 Direct (no time)

Question 25

List the 3 other Entry Methods

Answer 25

1) Along Holding Radial
2) Via DME Arc
3) Via Secondary Fix

Question 26

List the 5 factors that effect a holding pattern

Answer 26

1) Wind
2) Speed (rates of turn)
3) Effect of level (temp and pressure)
4) Effect if Navigation AIS in use
5) Turbulence

Question 27

Define Expected Approach Time (EAT)

Answer 27

A time which to expect to leave the hold to commence an instrument approach

Question 28

Define Expected Onward Clearance

Answer 28

Time to leave the hold and continue en route

Question 29

How does a pilot adjust his timing within the pattern?

Answer 29

Shortening/eliminating outbound leg
or
Reducing speed before reaching the fix of a short hold is specified

Question 30

What is a normal separation from a holding pattern

Answer 30

5 minutes flying time from flight path of holding a/c

Question 31

Pilots use established error check procedures to reduce effects of operating errors or equipment.
True or False?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What do VFR aircraft hold over?

Answer 32

Visual Reference Point (VRP)

Question 33

What are VRPs used for?

Answer 33

Assist ATC routing VFR traffic and interesting them with IFR traffic

Question 34

Should VFR aircraft be instructed to hold over a VRP outside CAS

Answer 34

No. But can instruct them to hold over VRPs inside CAS

Question 35

List the points of the standard holding pattern

Answer 35

Holding Fix 
Fix End 
ABEAM 
Outbound leg
Outbound end
Inbound 
Holding side 
Non-holding side