Pathology 3

Question 1

main preventative factor for SCC of penis?

Answer 1

cirumcision

Question 2

cause of SCC of penis?

Answer 2

poor hygiene

HPV infection

Question 3

where will an SCC of the penis present?

Answer 3

glans or prepuce of penis

Question 4

appearance of SCC of the penis on histology

Answer 4

large islands of invasive squamous type cells with keratin production

Question 5

what areas of the world have the highest incidence of SCC of the penis?

Answer 5

latin america
africa
far east

Question 6

define BNH?

Answer 6

benign nodular hyperplasia of the prostate

Question 7

there is irregular proliferation of what types of tissue in BPH?

Answer 7

glandular and stromal prostatic tissue

Question 8

cause of BPH?

Answer 8

sex hormone imbalance

Question 9

symptoms of prostatism?

Answer 9

difficulty in starting micturition
poor stream
overflow incontinence

Question 10

BPH is pre-malignant T or F

Answer 10

F

Question 11

why can you get bladder hypertrophy in BPH?

Answer 11

prostate is compressing the prostatic urethra preventing the exit of urine so bladder stretches

Question 12

histological changes of BPH?

Answer 12

glandular changes

hyperplasia of stromal and glandular tissue

Question 13

peak incidence of prostate carcinoma?

Answer 13

60-80yrs

Question 14

is prostate carcinoma inherited?

Answer 14

can be, at increased risk if 1st degree relative had it

Question 15

where does prostate caricnoma arise?

Answer 15

peripheral ducts and glands of the prostate, commonly in the posterior lobe

Question 16

what zone of the prostate becomes involved in late stage prostate carcinoma?

Answer 16

peri-urethral

Question 17

what lymph nodes can a prostate carcinoma spread to?

Answer 17

sacral
iliac
para-aortic

Question 18

what kind of bone metastases does prostate cancer cause?

Answer 18

osteosclerotic mets (makes bone denser)

Question 19

imaging for prostate cancer?

Answer 19

USS
skeletal x ray
bone scan

Question 20

biochem findings of prostate cancer?

Answer 20

PSA

Question 21

potential associated symptoms of a testicular tumour?

Answer 21

painless enlargement
hydrocele
gynaecomastia

Question 22

most common type of testicular tumour?

Answer 22

germ cell

Question 23

what male sex cell is activated by LH?

Answer 23

leydig cell

Question 24

what male sex cell is activated by FSH?

Answer 24

sertoli cell

Question 25

what testicular tumour looks like a potato

Answer 25

seminoma

Question 26

what lymph nodes does a seminoma spread to?

Answer 26

para-aortic

Question 27

Tx of a testicular tumour?

Answer 27

radiotherapy

Question 28

what germ cell tumour presents in 20s?

Answer 28

teratoma

Question 29

you can get a mixed seminoma/teratoma T or F

Answer 29

T