Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Week 1 2017/18 > 7: Physiology 2 > Flashcards

7: Physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the homeostatic functions of the kidneys?

A

Water balance

Salt balance

Acid-base balance

Maintenance of plasma volume and osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do the kidneys excrete?

A

Toxic metabolites

Drugs and their metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormones do the kidneys secrete?

A

Renin

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of

a) renin
b) erythropoeitin?

A

a) Maintenance of BP by RAAS

b) Protects RBC from damage and increases RBC production - used in doping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What vitamin do the kidneys activate?

What is its active form called?

A

Vitamin D

Calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name and function of activated Vitamin D?

A

Calcitriol

Enables calcium absorption in GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At what levels are the

a) left kidney
b) right kidney

found?

A

a) T12 - L2 (not pushed inferiorly)

b) L1 - L3 (pushed inferiorly by liver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What process propels urine from the kidneys to the bladders through the ureters?

A

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What appearances do the renal cortex and medulla have?

A

Cortex - granulated

Medulla - striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The renal medulla is arranged into ___ of nephrons.

A

pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long is an adult kidney?

A

12 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys account for?

A

25%

loads, understandable given they filter the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functional units of the kidneys?

A

Nephrons

arranged into pyramids in renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which four processes occur in nephrons?

A

FILTRATION of urine from blood

REABSORPTION of water, ions, glucose, AAs from tubules into capillaries

SECRETION of “” from capillaries to tubules

EXCRETION into ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What blood vessels supply the nephrons?

A

Renal artery - splits into afferent and efferent arterioles

Stuff then reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries draining into Renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structure is the glomerulus found inside?

A

Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does filtration of blood occur?

A

Glomerulus

Blood is filtered into Bowman’s capsule

18
Q

Where does urine travel from the glomerulus to reach the collecting duct?

A

Proximal tubules

Loop of Henle

Distal tubules

19
Q

What part of the distal tubule passes by the glomerulus and alters renal function?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

20
Q

Which structures does the juxtaglomerular apparatus pass between?

A

Afferent and efferent arterioles

21
Q

Nephrons are split between the renal ___ and ___.

A

renal cortex and medulla

22
Q

What are the two types of nephron found in the kidney?

A

Cortical

Juxtamedullary

23
Q

Which type of nephron is more common?

A

Cortical (80%)

24
Q

What is the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons have:

  • Longer Loops of Henle
  • One single peritubular capillary called the vasa recta which follows the Loop of Henle
25
Q

What type of capillaries do

a) cortical
b) juxtamedullary nephrons have?

A

a) Loads of peritubular capillaries

b) One vasa recta

26
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons produce more ___ urine.

A

concentrated / hypertonic

27
Q

Which arteriole has the wider diameter?

A

Afferent arteriole

28
Q

What are podocytes?

A

Epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule, have big processes called filtration slits

29
Q

What is found between the endothelium of glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of Bowman’s capulse?

A

Basement membrane (no cells)

30
Q

Which layers make up the glomerular membrane?

A

Endothelium of glomerular capillary

Basement membrane

Podocytes of Bowman’s capsule

31
Q

The glomerular membrane acts as a big ___.

A

sieve

for filtrate

32
Q

Glomerular capillaries are more ___ than other capillaries.

A

permeable

allows them to filter stuff

33
Q

Which cells of the JGA secrete renin?

A

GRANULAR or JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS

34
Q

Which cells of the JGA are sensitive to salt concentrations of the (blood / tubular fluid)?

A

Macula densa

salt concentration of tubules

35
Q

What is urine?

A

Modified filtrate of the blood

36
Q

How much of the blood which enters a glomerulus is actually filtered?

A

20%

Rest of it is filtered in the peritubular capillaries

37
Q

What processes occur to filtrate as it passes through the renal tubules?

A

Reabsorption back into capillaries

Secretion from capillaries into tubules

38
Q

What is the rate of filtration?

A

Mass of substance filtered into Bowman’s capsule per unit time

Filtration rate = [substance]plasma x glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

GFR is usually 120 in healthy people

39
Q

What is the rate of excretion?

A

Mass of substance excreted per unit time

Rate of excretion = [substance]urine x urine excretion rate

40
Q

If a substance’s rate of filtration > rate of excretion, what has occurred?

A

Reabsorption

41
Q

If a substance’s rate of filtration < rate of excretion, what has occurred?

A

Secretion into tubules from capillaries

42
Q

How do you calculate the rate of secretion?

A

Rate of secretion = rate of excretion - rate of filtration

Renal Week 1 2017/18 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions