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SOC 101 > Ch. 21 Immigration > Flashcards

Ch. 21 Immigration Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which individuals move from one location, region, country, or city to another

A

migration

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2
Q

the act of leaving one’s country of birth to move to a new country

A

emigration

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3
Q

the movement of people across borders

A

immigration

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4
Q

host or destination countries where migrants go

A

receiving coutries

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5
Q

the country migrants were born in

A

sending country

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6
Q

the departure of a significant number of the most educated and skilled citizens, who go to live and work in other coutnries

A

brain drain

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7
Q

people settled far from their homeland

A

disapora

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8
Q

legal status specifying the terms and length under which someone may live another country

A

visa

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9
Q

government policies regulating the right of people to move into or out of a country

A

emigration and immigration policies

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10
Q

one who is allowed to live permanently in a country even though he or she is not a citizen

A

legal permanent resident (LPRs)

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11
Q

a person allowed to live in a country for a specified period of time

A

legal temporary resident

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12
Q

a person living in a country where he or she is not legally allowed to residue

A

unauthorized migrant

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13
Q

a form of protection that may be granted to people who have been persecuted or fear they will be persecuted on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinions, or membership in a particular social group

A

refugee status

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14
Q

a form of protection available to immigrants seeking admission to another country because of political violence or repression in their home country

A

asylum status

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15
Q

in the immigration process, the family member who is applying for the right to live in another country

A

principal

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16
Q

a visa status for an immigrant to the United States that allows its holder to live in the United States permanently but does not make that immigrant a citizen

A

green card

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17
Q

the process of becoming a citizen in a new country

A

naturalization

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18
Q

undocumented immigration

A

illegal immigration

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19
Q

the act of sending immigrants back to their country of origin

A

deportation

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20
Q

To escape Country X’s civil war and famine, those who have the courage frequently slip across the border to find a new place to live. In regard to immigration, Country X is a __________ country.

A

sending

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21
Q

To escape Country X’s civil war and famine, those who have the courage frequently slip across the border to find a new place to live. In regard to immigration, Country X is a __________ country

A

visa

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22
Q

Rosa has obtained a job and may enter the United States legally. She wants to bring her four children with her. Fortunately her children qualify for __________.

A

numerically unlimited legal permanent residents

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23
Q

Pierre wants to live in the United States and work as a chef. To do so he must obtain a __________ by getting a restaurant owner to sponsor him.

A

green card

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24
Q

How do children derive citizenship from their parents?

A

It is automatic for children who are LPRs, unmarried, under the age of 18, and in their parents’ legal and physical custody.

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25
Q

the period before 1875, in which immigration into the United States was essentially unregulated by the U.S. government

A

first immigration era

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26
Q

the period between 1875 and 1920, in which the United States made its first attempt to establish some restrictions on immigration

A

second immigration era

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27
Q

the period from 1921 to 1965, in which the United States tightly controlled immigration into the United States using strict quotes on entry from different countries

A

third immigration era

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28
Q

a set of agreements between the United States and Mexico from 1942 to 1964 to import temporary workers from Mexico

A

Bracero Program

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29
Q

in the period since 1965 in the United States, allowable immigration has been subject to a series of restrictions on immigration from both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres but without specific national origins quotas

A

fourth immigration era

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30
Q

How does the United States provide for immigration on humanitarian grounds?

A

Refugee- or asylum-status immigrants may adjust to LPR status after residence requirements are met.

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31
Q

How did some U.S. states attract immigrants in the first immigration era?

A

By advertising that immigrants could vote in federal, state, and local elections without naturalizing.

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32
Q

What was a result of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924 (also known as the National Origins Act)?

A

The U.S. Border Patrol, with the mission of deterring illegal entries, was created.

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33
Q

What ushered in the fourth immigration era?

A

The Immigration Act of 1965.

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34
Q

In what year did the U.S. federal government mandate the building of a mammoth fence between the United States and Mexico?

A

1994

35
Q

when an individual decides to leave a country because of something that is making her or him unhappy

A

push factor

36
Q

in the immigration context, when an individual’s motivation to move to another country is based on the perceived attractions of life in the new country

A

pull factor

37
Q

the special skills and determination brought to a country by migrants, who may be especially motivated to succeed

A

migrant energy

38
Q

when individuals have the opportunity to choose to be in some condition, those making that choice may be different than those who do not make that choice

A

self-selected

39
Q

an individual who leaves a place to live in another

A

mover

40
Q

one who chooses not to leave

A

stayers

41
Q

What are tied movers and tied stayers?

A

Tied movers have a low desire to move and tied stayers have a high desire to move.

42
Q

The saying goes that if you really want something, you are willing to work hard to get it. In what way does this apply to migration?

A

Migrant Energy

43
Q

In the World War II era, skilled Jewish-German scientists wanted very must to go to the United States to save their lives and do their work. The _________ on these skills was positive.

A

Selection

44
Q

Sociologists consider __________ when explaining factors that impact the desire to move.

A

Personal Characteristics

45
Q

Results from the U.S. New Immigrant Survey indicate that ___________.

A

There are a wide range of different motivation s to move to the United States.

46
Q

the process by which immigrants come to be incorporated into their new society by taking on the cultural tastes and practices of the new society

A

assimilation

47
Q

a broad definition of a person’s social class based on components such as education, income, and occupation

A

socioeconomic status (SES)

48
Q

when significant numbers of people from the same group, such as a racial or ethnic group, live in the same physical location, such as a neighborhood or city

A

spatial concentration

49
Q

marriage between people in different social groups

A

intermarriage

50
Q

a place where people of a particular ethnicity live in high concentration

A

ethnic enclave

51
Q

Which of these would be the most likely result of living in an ethnic enclave?

A

Limited job opportunities

52
Q

What reduces the likelihood of passing on the culture of one’s country of origin to the next generation?

A

Intermarriage

53
Q

Historically, how did ethnic enclaves develop?

A

People were forced to live with others of similar racial and ethnic backgrounds.

54
Q

One subset of diversity immigrants, ______, are highly accomplished, with some of the highest average schooling and rates of English fluency.

A

Blacks born in Africa

55
Q

Which of these might hinder immigrant assimilation?

A

High spatial concentration

56
Q

Which of these would be the most likely result of living in an ethnic enclave?

A

Limited job opportunities

57
Q

What reduces the likelihood of passing on the culture of one’s country of origin to the next generation?

A

Intermarriage

58
Q

Historically, how did ethnic enclaves develop?

A

People were forced to live with others of similar racial and ethnic backgrounds.

59
Q

One subset of diversity immigrants, __________, are highly accomplished, with some of the highest average schooling and rates of English fluency.

A

Blacks born in Africa

60
Q

Which of these might hinder immigrant assimilation?

A

High spatial concentration

61
Q

the children of immigrants

A

second generation

62
Q

the process by which a migrant sends money to family or friends in his or her home country

A

migrant remittance

63
Q

the transfer of money from an immigrant back home, or to an immigrant from her or his family back home

A

transfers

64
Q

Which group of immigrant children will become the most accomplished citizens?

A

Second generation

65
Q

President Bush’s study of immigration indicated that the effects of the immigrant population on citizens are generally more positive than negative. Why?

A

Highly skilled science and technical professionals have a positive impact

66
Q

What is true about second-generation children in the United States?

A

They are considered golden children.

67
Q

What percentage of PhD scientists working in the United States were born abroad?

A

40 Percent

68
Q

Which country is number one in terms of immigrants sending remittances?

A

The United States

69
Q

What did the report carried out by George W. Bush’s Council of Economic Advisers find?

A

U.S. citizens benefit from immigration

70
Q

With the exception of the second generation, why is each successive generation potentially worse off than the previous one?

A

they do not inherit the migrant energy

71
Q

former ethnic enclave that is now a diverse neighborhood

A

Little Italy in New York City

72
Q

What does the New Immigrant Survey offer?

A

a systematic study of assimilation data

73
Q

What was the aim of the Diversity Visa Program?

A

made visas available for African immigrants

74
Q

Physical presence in the United States, knowledge of English, and “good moral character” are parts of the process of __________.

A

becoming a naturalized citizen

75
Q

What is the difference between refugee and asylum statuses?

A

Refugees status is sought by someone outside the US whereas asylum status is for someone already on U.S soil.

76
Q

Example of enforced importation

A

migrating slaves in the 18th/19th centuries

77
Q

What process provides the foundation for a sociological approach to immigration as a whole?

A

migration

78
Q

Ramona has very little desire to move to the United States, but she knows that her job opportunities are much higher there. Jacob Mincer would call her a ___________.

A

tied mover

79
Q

What help in assimilating might immigrants have access to in the United States?

A

networks of naturalized citizens or natives

80
Q

While unification of families and helping the poor are the stated goals of the immigration process, in reality, it seems to be about ___________.

A

money

81
Q

What is the average gain in earnings from the last job abroad to the first in the United States for men and women?

A

68 percent for men; 62 percent for women

82
Q

sending money home to the native country

A

remittance

83
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between the United States and Mexico?

A

increased border control keeps many Mexican immigrants in the United States

SOC 101 (16 decks)

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