Physiology I and II

Question 1

What do the parietal cells of the stomach secrete?

Answer 1

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 2

secretion of what is inhibited by low pH?

Answer 2

gastrin

Question 3

what part of the GI tract is NOT smooth muscle?

Answer 3

pharynx, upper 1/3 of esophagus, external anal sphincter

Question 4

what is the “pacemaker” of the gut?

Answer 4

the interstitial cells of Cajal

Question 5

Peristalsis of the small intestine

Answer 5

involves contraction of smooth muscle behing rhe food bolus and relaxation in front of the bolus

Question 6

what are the cul-de-sac structrues at the end of the salivary glands called?

Answer 6

acinar cells (pl. acini)

Question 7

the majority of the pancrease is exocrine or endocrine?

Answer 7

exocrine

Question 8

bile acids are composed of what?

Answer 8

bile acids (50% or more)

bilirubin

cholesterol

phospohlipids

Question 9

what is an example of a vago-vagal reflex?

Answer 9

stretch of the stomach

Question 10

what does gastrin do?

Answer 10

bind to receptors on parietal cells and stimulate acid release

Question 11

gastric pressures seldom rise above the level that breath the LES, even when the stomach is filled. Why?

Answer 11

receptive relaxation

Question 12

What has a high pH?

Answer 12

pancreatic juice

Question 13

Where is water absorbed/excreted from the greatest to the smallest?

Answer 13

jejunum –> ileum —>colon–> feces

Question 14

what is happening in the mouth when a bolus of food enters?

Answer 14

mastication

saliva contains: mucous; amylase; lingual lipase; HCO3

Question 15

what do the chief cells secrete?

Answer 15

pepsinogen

Question 16

the _________-of the antrum secrete gastrin

Answer 16

G cells

Question 17

pepsinogen is cleaved to what and does what?

Answer 17

pepsin and it digests protein

Question 18

what does instrinsic factor do?

Answer 18

allows absorption of Vitamin B12

Question 19

histamine is secreted by the ____–cell

Answer 19

ECL

Question 20

what stimulates gastrin secretion?

What inhibits it?

Answer 20

small peptides and amino acids

stomach distension

GRP through vagal stimulation

______________________

secretin - stimulated by H+

Question 21

what normally determines the rate of gastric emptying?

Answer 21

the type of food in the stomach

Question 22

the interstitial _________cells are the pacemakers of the gut wall that set the frequency of the slow wave

Answer 22

Cajal

Question 23

what is one of the principle functions of the duodenum?

Answer 23

neutralization of the gastric contents with pepsin

Question 24

what does the jejunum do?

Answer 24

net absorption of bicarbonate?

Question 25

what does the ileum do?

Answer 25

net absorption of NaCl

Vitamin B12

Question 26

what does secretin do in the pancreas?

Answer 26

stimulate bicarbonate secretion and pancreatic fluid secretion

Question 27

what does CCK do?

Answer 27

increases pancreatic secretions from I cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to fatty acids and amino acids

inhibits gastric emptying