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Paramedic School > 4: Pathophysiology > Flashcards

4: Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the disease and its causes.

A

Pathology

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2
Q

The physiology of disordered function.

A

Pathophysiology

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3
Q

A decrease in cell size resulting from a decreased workload.

A

Atrophy

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4
Q

An increase in cell size resulting from an increased workload.

A

Hypertrophy

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5
Q

An increase in the number of cells resulting from cell division caused by an increased workload.

A

Hyperplasia

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6
Q

Cell division with division of the nucleus; each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell. The process by which the body grows.

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Replacement of one type of cell by another type of cell that is not normal for that tissue.

A

Metaplasia

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8
Q

A change in cell size, shape, or appearance caused by an external stressor.

A

Dysplasia

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9
Q

Oxygen difficiency.

A

Hypoxia

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10
Q

A blockage in the delivery of oxygenated blood to the cells.

A

Ischemia

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11
Q

The constructive phase of metabolism in which cells convert nonliving substances into living cytoplasm.

A

Anabolism

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12
Q

The destructive phase of metabolism in which cells break down complex substances into simpler substances with release of energy.

A

Catabolism

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13
Q

Swelling of a cell caused by injury to or change on permeability of the call membrane with resulting inability to maintain stable intra- and extracellular fluid and electrolyte levels.

A

Cellular swelling

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14
Q

Response in which an injured cell releases enzymes that engulf and destroy itself one way the body rids itself of damaged and dead cells.

A

Apoptosis

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15
Q

Cell death; a pathological cell change.

A

Necrosis: (Coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, Fatty)

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16
Q

The liquid part of the blood.

A

Plasma

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17
Q

Red blood cells which contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen to the cells.

A

Erythrocytes

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18
Q

White blood cells, which play a hey role in the immune system and inflammatory (infection fighting) responses.

A

Leukocytes

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19
Q

Platelets, which are important in blood clotting.

A

Thrombocytes

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20
Q

Substances such as proteins or starches, consisting of large molecules or molecule aggregates that disperse evenly within a liquid without forming a true solution.

A

Colloids

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21
Q

The percentage of the blood occupied by red blood cells is called?

A

Hematocrit

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22
Q

A protein commonly present in plant and animal tissues.

A

Albumin:
(albumin works to maintain blood pressure and probides colloid osmotic pressure which prevents plasma loss from the capillaries)

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23
Q

A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cells. My cause red blood cell CRENATION.

A

Hypertonic Solution
NOTE: These fluids will tend to cause a fluid shift out of the interstitial space and intracellular compartment into the intravascular space when administered to a normally hydrated patient.

24
Q

A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cells. May cause red blood cell SWELLING and LYSING.

A

Hypotonic Solution

NOTE: When administered to a normally hydrated patient, they will cause a movement of fluid from the intravascular space into the interstitial space and intracellular compartment.

25
Q

Acidity caused by abnormal retention of carbon dioxide resulting from impaired ventilation.

A

Respiratory Acidosis

26
Q

Alkalinity caused by excessive elimination of carbon dioxide resulting from increased respiration.

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

27
Q

Acidity caused by an increase in acid, often because of increased production acids during metabolism or from caused such a vomiting, diarrhea, diabetes, or medication.

A

Metabolic Acidosis

28
Q

Alkalinity caused by an increase in plasma bicarbonate resulting from causes including diuresis, vomiting, or ingestion of too much sodium bicarbonate.

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

29
Q

An agent that increases urine secretion and elimination of body water.

A

Diuretic

30
Q

A bleeding disorder that is caused by a genetic clotting factor deficiency.

A

Hemophilia

31
Q

Inadequate perfusion of the body tissues, resulting in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues. Also called SHOCK.

A

Hypoperfusion

Causes: Inadequate pump, Inadequate fluid, Inadequate container

32
Q

The second stage of metabolism, requiring the presence of oxygen, in which the breakdown of glucose yields a high amount of energy.(in a process called the Krebs or citric acid cycle)

A

Aerobic Metabolism (Aerobic means with Oxygen)

33
Q

The first stage of metabolism, which does not require oxygen, in which the breakdown of glucose produces pyruvic acid which yields lactic acid and very little energy. (in a process called Glycolysis)

A

Anaerobic Metabolism (Anaerobic means w/o oxygen)

34
Q

Early stage of shock during which the body’s compensatory mechanisms are able to maintain normal perfusion.

A

Compensated Shock

35
Q

Advanced stages of shock when the body’s compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain normal perfusion also called PROGRESSIVE SHOCK.

A

Decompensated Shock

36
Q

Shock that has progressed so far that no medical intervention can reverse the condition and death is inevitable.

A

Irreversible Shock

37
Q

Shock caused by insufficient cardiac output; the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to perfuse all parts of the body.

A

Cardiogenic

38
Q

Shock caused by loss of intravascular fluid volume.

A

Hypovolemic Shock

Causes: Internal or External Hemorrhage, Trauma, Severe dehydration, plasma loss from burns, Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

39
Q

Shock resulting from BRAIN or SPINAL CORD injury that causes an interruption of nerve impulses to the arteries with loss of arterial tone, dilation, and relative hypovolemia.

A

Neurogenic Shock

40
Q

A life-threatening allergic reaction.

A

Anaphylaxis (aka Anaphylactic Shock)

41
Q

Shock that develops as the result of infection carried by the bloodstream, eventually causing dysfunction of multiple organ systems.

A

Septic Shock

42
Q

Progressive impairment of two or more organ systems resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury.

A

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

43
Q

A single-cell organism with a cell membrane and cytoplasm but no organized nucleus. THey bind to the cells of a host organism to obtain food and support.

A

Bacteria

44
Q

Substances that destroy or inhibit microorganisms, tiny living bodies invisible to the naked eye.

A

Antibiotic (Antibiotic means destructive to life)

45
Q

Toxic substances secreted by bacterial cells during their growth.

A

Exotoxins

46
Q

Molecules in the walls of certain gram-negative bacteria that are released when the bacterium dies or is destroyed.

A

Endotoxins

47
Q

The systemic spread of toxins through the bloodstream.

A

Septicemia (Also called Septic Shock)

48
Q

An organism much smaller than a bacterium, visible only under an electron microscope. They invade and live inside the cells of the organisms they infect.

A

Virus

49
Q

A marker on the surface of a cell that identifies it as “self” of “non-self”.

A

Antigen

50
Q

A substance produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign antigen that will combine with and control or destroy the antigen, thus preventing infection.

A

antibody

51
Q

The body’s reactions that inactivate or eliminate foreign antigens.

A

Immune Response

52
Q

A long term condition of protection from infection or disease.

A

Immunity

53
Q

A type of leukocyte or white blood cell, that attacks foreign substances as part of the body’s immune response.

A

Lymphocytes

54
Q

White blood cells that in response to the presence of an antigen, produce antibodies that attack the antigen and confer long term immunity to the antigens.

A

B Lymphocytes

55
Q

White blood cells that do not produce antibodies but, instead, attack antigens directly.

A

T Lymphocytes

56
Q

The short term immunity to an antigen provided by T lymphocytes, which directly attack the antigen but do not produce antibodies or memory for the antigen.

A

Cell-mediated Immunity

57
Q

Antigens that are able to trigger an immune response.

A

Immunogen

Paramedic School (18 decks)

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