(3.3) Functionalism: Subcultural Theory - Miller

Question 1

How does Miller criticise the other theories?

Answer 1

• other subcultural theories assume that subcultures only emerge in reaction to failure to achieve mainstream goals
• not everyone accepts goals in first place
• rejects the reactive element of these theories

Question 2

How does Miller explain why the working class doesn’t feel frustrated?

Answer 2

• the lower class has its own independent culture with own values
• subculture doesn’t value success in first place, so aren’t frustrated

Question 3

How does Miller explain crime in the lower class?

Answer 3

• result of conformity to class values
• their own focal concerns are focused on being streetwise, emphasising macho behaviour, rejecting authority, valuing autonomy - all of which might lead to criminality