Nouns & Present Tense

Question 1

Nouns:

How do you know if they’re masculine?

Answer 1

Ending in -o, -aje, -án, -ambre, stressed vowel, consonant, -ma, -e, -i, -l, -r, -u.
Rivers, mountains, seas, oceans, months, days of the week, languages., compound nouns, imported from other languages, fruit trees.

Question 2

Nouns:

How do you know if they’re feminine?

Answer 2

Ending in -a, -ión, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ie, -isis, -itis.
Countries, regions, provinces, towns, places ending in -a, alphabet.

Question 3

Exceptions: Nouns which should be masculine but are feminine.

Answer 3

La: Foto, moto, mano, radio, calle, mente, muerte,

Question 4

Exceptions: Nouns which should be feminine but are masculine.

Answer 4

El: Día, mapa, planeta, tranvía, yoga, sistema, problema. tema,

Question 5

Making nouns plural:

Ending in a vowel.

Answer 5

Add -s.

Question 6

Making nouns plural:

Ends in a consonant.

Answer 6

Add -es.

Question 7

Making nouns plural:

Ending in -z.

Answer 7

Change to -ces.

Question 8

Making nouns plural:

Ending in a stressed -án, -én, -ín, -ún, -ión, -és.

Answer 8

Lose the accent and add es.

Question 9

Making nouns plural:

Words ending in a stressed -í, -ú.

Answer 9

Add -es.

Question 10

Making nouns plural:

Words ending in an unstressed -en.

Answer 10

Add an accent to the preceding syllable and add -es.

Question 11

Making nouns plural:

Words ending in an unstressed -es or -is.

Answer 11

No change.

Question 12

Making nouns plural:

Surnames.

Answer 12

No change.

Question 13

What are the different definite articles?

Answer 13

El (masc, sing), la (fem, sing), los (masc pl), las (fem, pl)
The.

Question 14

How does the masculine singular form work with ‘de’ or ‘a’.

Answer 14

Del or al.

Question 15

What happens when there is a ‘la’ before a noun beginning with a stressed ‘a’ or ‘ha’?
What if it is unstressed?

Answer 15

It becomes ‘el’.

It stays ‘la’.

Question 16

When is the definite article needed in Spanish?

Answer 16

Before parts of the body, clothing and personal possessions.
Before titles and proper nouns with adjectives.
Before nouns used in a general sense meaning ‘all’.
Before days of the week, school subjects + languages.
Before countries + continents, dates, per kilo/per week/bottle.
Explained superlatives.

Question 17

When is the definite article omitted in Spanish?

Answer 17

Before titles and proper nouns with adjectives when addressing a person in direct speech.
When a noun refers to ‘part’ or ‘some’ if used in a general sense meaning ‘all’.
After ‘en’ or ‘de’ or ‘hablar’.
Before a noun that has been explained (e.g. Juan, the king of Spain).
In idiomatic expressions (e.g. en casa del doctor)
Foreign titles, san/santo/dor doña.

Question 18

How is the possessor of a personal possession indicated?

Answer 18

Corresponding indirect object pronoun. (e.g. Me pongo el sombrero)

Question 19

What are the different indefinite articles?

Answer 19

Un (masc, sing), una (fem, sing), unos (masc, pl), unas (fem, pl)
A/an/some.

Question 20

When is the indefinite article used in Spanish?

Answer 20

With an abstract noun qualified by an adjective. (e.g. La pinto con un esmero excepcional)

Question 21

When is the indefinite article omitted in Spanish?

Answer 21

Before nouns of professions when are used with ‘ser’ or ‘hacerse’.
Before nouns that have been explained (e.g. Burgos, vieja ciudad castellana)
Before otro, medio, tal, cierto, semejante, ciento mil or qué (in exclamation)
After a negative verb (not any) and after ‘ni’ and ‘sin’.

Question 22

When is the neuter article used?

Answer 22

Lo + masculine adjective = the thing (essence of the adjective)
Lo + superlative adverb + posible = The ___ possible

Question 23

What is the present tense used for?

Answer 23

Action going on at the moment, regular/repeated action, action in immediate future, describe actions in the past dramatically + indicate the duration of an action.

Question 24

What are the regular present tense endings for ‘AR’ verbs?

Answer 24

-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an.

Question 25

What are the regular present tense endings for ‘ER’ verbs?

Answer 25

-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en.

Question 26

What are the regular present tense endings for ‘IR’ verbs?

Answer 26

-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en.

Question 27

What are the 6 parts of verbs?

Answer 27

Yo (I),tú (You sing/fam), él/ella/usted (He/she/it/you sing pol), nosotros (we), vosotros (you pl fam), Ellos/ellas/ustedes (They/you pl pol)

Question 28

What are the standard endings of these English endings:

-ity, -ance, -ence, -ary, -ous, -ly.

Answer 28

-dad, -ancia, -encia, -ario, -oso, -mente.

Question 29

What are the standard endings of these English endings:

-ic, -ical, -ment, -y, -tion, -ent, -ant.

Answer 29

-ico (accent on vowel before ending), -ico (accent on vowel before ending), -mento, -ia, -ción, -ente, -ante.