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WSET 4 > Unit 1 Viticulture- The Growing Environment > Flashcards

Unit 1 Viticulture- The Growing Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic building block of the vine?

A

Glucose

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2
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation for a vine?

A

Sunlight+water+CO2–chlorophyll= glucose

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3
Q

At what temp and below is the vine dormant?

A

10C

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4
Q

At what temp does vine growth peak?

A

22-25C

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5
Q

What is the average temp in a cool, moderate, warm and hot climate?

A

Cool- Below 16C
Moderate- 16.5-18.5C
Warm- 18.5C-21C
Hot- Over 21C

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6
Q

Give examples of cool, moderate, warm and hot regions

A

Cool- Champagne, Mosel, Southern England, Anderson Valley, Tasmania
Moderate- Bordeaux, N Rhone, Rioja, Piedmont, Tuscany, Coonawarra, Marlborough, Napa/Sonoma
Warm- S Rhone, Douro, Jerez, McLaren Vale, Paarl
Hot- San Joaquin Valley CA

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7
Q

What is a maritime climate and give examples

A

Low range of temps, high rainfall, near large bodies of water
Bordeaux, Muscadet, Rias Baixas, Vinho Verde

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8
Q

What is a mediterranean climate and give examples

A

Low range of temps, mild winters, dry summers and most rain falling during the winter
West Coast US, Childe, SE Australia, Cape in SA

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9
Q

What is a continental climate and give examples

A

Wide range of temps- hot summers cold winters, inland

Champagne, Mendoza, central spain, Germany

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10
Q

What is an example of a tropical climate?

A

India and Brazil- no dormant period, vines not as productive

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11
Q

What are the 4 main advantages of having a body of water near a vineyard site?

A
  1. Reflect sun’s rays
  2. Provide source for irrigation
  3. Reduce risk of ground frost
  4. Provide morning mists to develop noble rot
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12
Q

What fungal disease is more common in vineyards near bodies of water?

A

Downy mildew

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13
Q

What negative effects can a thick canopy have?

A
  • reduce flower initiation and berry set
  • higher levels of acid retention in grapes
  • reduce sugar accumulation
  • encourage competition between shoot tips and berries for sugar which reduce berries ability to ripen
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14
Q

At what temp does injury to dormant vines begin, and what temp is a site unsuitable for vines?

A

-15C, -20C (or if mean temp for a month is less than -1C)

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15
Q

What is the problem with the heat summation system?

A

Relationship between between vine growth and temp is not linear- it slows down when temps are above 30C

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16
Q

What are the main trends as the region gets warmer in the EU Zones A to C?

A
  • min potential alcohol requirement increases
  • level to which must can be enriched decreases
  • deacidification becomes illegal, acidification becomes legal
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17
Q

How does vine density affect how much precipitation is needed?

A

The higher the density, the more precipitation is needed

18
Q

In what climate is it important that soil can retain water?

A

Mediterranean- because most rain falls in winter

19
Q

What three regions are prone to hail?

A

Mendoza, Piedmonte, Burgundy

20
Q

How does high rainfall affect the berries?

A
  • can cause fungal disease
  • reduce fruit set
  • cause bunch compaction and berry splitting,
  • dilute berries if before harvest
21
Q

Why can it be beneficial to have increased lear area and canopy in cool temps?

A

Because the rate of photosynthesis slows, and it takes a larger leaf area to ripen fruit

22
Q

What time is leaf removal around the fruiting zone commonly practiced and why?

A

Several days before harvest to ensure full ripening while minimizing burn risk

23
Q

What is the relationship between the amount of sugar in a grape and heat vs sunlight?

A

Sugar increases with photosynthesis from sunlight, while other metabolic needs increase with temperature. In hot, cloudy conditions like Hunter Valley sugar is low while in cool, sunny conditions sugar can be high (Alsace)

24
Q

How many hours are needed to produce ripe fruit in vitis vinifera?

A

1250 hrs

25
Q

Why do wines grow best on soils with low fertility?

A
  • restrict canopy growth

- are often stony and well drained

26
Q

Arrange in line from smallest to largest diameter:

Fine sand, sand clay, gravel, and silt

A

Clay, silt, fine sand, sand, gravel

27
Q

What soil retains the most moisture?

A

Clay, because it is made up of very small particles

28
Q

What is the ideal soil texture and why?

A

Loam, balanced mix of clay, silt and sand. They combine nutrient holding abilities of clay with the good drainage of sand

29
Q

How is limestone formed?

A

Through the deposition of shells and skeletons of marine animals. Consists of calcium carbonate and is alkaline and free draining

30
Q

How is granite formed?

A

By solidified magma produced by volcanoes.

31
Q

What is humus?

A

Decomposed organic matter

32
Q

What is the minimum amount of water vines need during the growing season?

A

500 mm

33
Q

What can aeration do to the soil?

A

Provide oxygen to aerobic organisms, removes CO2, provides roots with oxygen

34
Q

How can soil compaction affect the vineyard?

A

Poor rain infiltration, poor soil structure, reduced drainage, aeration, and root penetration

35
Q

What are the major elements of soil?

A 
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Potassium
Calcium
Sulfur
Magnesium
36
Q

What are minor or trace elements of soil?

A 
Boron
Manganese
Copper
Iron
Molybdenum
Zinc,
Cobalt
Chlorine
Silicon
37
Q

What element is an essential component of chlorophyll ?

A

Magnesium

38
Q

What element regulates cell acidity and is an important component of cell walls?

A

Calcium

39
Q

What element regulates the flow of water and sugar in the plant?

A

Potassium

40
Q

What element is key in energy fixation, root growth and ripening?

A

Phosphorous

41
Q

What type of growing conditions for vines produce the best fruit?

A

Densely planted, small vines, growing on infertile soils

42
Q

What is the lowest pH you can grow a vine in?

A

5

WSET 4 (21 decks)

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