concepts of GI dz and approach to GI dz Flashcards
stomach functions
- fill (receptive relaxation + accomodation)
- mix
- empty
how much can the stomach hold ?
80ml/kg
what can go wrong with gastric filling
failure to relax
- inflammation
- neoplasm
what are the 3 things that stimulate H-K AtPase pump in the stomach ?
- Ach from vagus (most imp. when it comes to dz)
- Gastrin from G cells
- Histamine from ECL cells
what happens when H ions penetrate the deeper layers of the stomach ?
activate mast cells -> Histamine release causing edema -> leads to erosion and ulcers
is gastric barrier dysfunction more common in the dog or cat?
dog
parts of the stomach and their roles
- fundus and body store
- antrum grings and empties
- pylorus keeps particles >2mm in
what is the normal stomach emptying for a dog
12-14hrs
what are the 3 places that stimulate the emetic center
- cerebral cortex
- chemoreceptor trigger zone
- oculovestibular system (direct for the cat, stimulated chemoreceptor zone in the dog)
true/ false
most diarrhea is mixed
true
what are the 4 mechanisms of diarrhea
- osmotic
- exudative
- secretory
- disordered motility
14 signs of gastrointestinal dz
vomiting, regurgitation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, dyschezia, hematochezia, constipation, flatus, salivation, shock, weight loss, anemia, change in appetite
is acute vomiting self limiting ? what about chronic ?
- acute: mostly self limiting, usually single insult to stomach, proximal GI, pancreas
- chronic: rarely self limiting, needs dz and tx
what are some “confirmatory” lab studies we can do
- fecal apha proteinase inhibitor
- serum folate and cobalamin
- serum trypsin- like immunoreactivity (TLI)
- canine and feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI, fPLI)
true/ false
radiographs are often normal with chronic GI dz
true
