Block 5 Exam

Question 1

What are the 3 Main Levels of Automation?

Answer 1

1. Hand Flying
2. Flight Directors (autopilot commands)
3. Flight Management System/Computer (FMS)

Question 2

How do crews become task saturated in flight?

Answer 2

• When they attempt to operate at a Level of Automation that’s too high for the rapid change in flight path
• YOU must drop a Level of Automation

Question 3

What are the 3 Segments of GPS?

Answer 3

1. Space (Satellites)
2. Control (Ground-Stations)
3. User (Aircraft)

Question 4

What requirements are there for flying IFR with GPS as the main NAVAID?

Answer 4

1. Any Non-WAAS GPS must be equipped with RAIM
2. WAAS GPS must meet standards
3. MUST CHECK NOTAMs prior to IFR flight
4. Must have an approved ALTERNATE means of navigation appropriate to flight

Question 5

What are the 3 different CDI sensitivities with GPS navigation? When do they automatically activate?

Answer 5

1. En-Route (30nm+ from destination) = 2nm full scale deflection either side
2. Terminal (~30nm TO/FR) = 1nm full scale deflection either side
3. Approach (Past Final Approach WP) = 0.3nm full scale deflection either side

Question 6

How many satellites are there in orbit? In theory how many should be accessible at any given location?

Answer 6

1. 30 Satellites

2. 6 Satellites

Question 7

How do Satellites determine a/c location?

Answer 7

Line of Position!

- Signals from several satellites intersect at the a/c and then are able to triangulate location

Question 8

What is RAIM? How many satellites does it need?

Answer 8

1. RECEIVER Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

2. 5 to detect a bad signal, 6 to kick it out and replace it

Question 9

What are the advantages of GPS navigation?

Answer 9

1. Cheap
2. Available 24/7
3. Unlimited # of users
4. Extremely Accurate

Question 10

What makes up the major Control Segments of GPS?

Answer 10

• Monitors and Adjusts satellite performance
• 6 Monitoring Stations across the world (Master control sation in Colo. Springs)
• 4 Ground Antennas across the world

Question 11

What are the requirements for the Airborne Segment of GPS?

Answer 11

• Must be INSTALLED in a/c

- Must meet IFR operation standards (RAIM or WAAS equipped)

Question 12

How does GPS function to locate a/c?

Answer 12

• Transmits codes on 2 frequencies (Status Message and Pseudo Random Code)
• Receiver measures Travel Time and satellite position to determine Altitude
• Triangulation determines lat/long

Question 13

What 3 things does a Pseudo Random Code consist of?

Answer 13

1. Course Acquisition
2. PA Code/PPS precise positing service
3. Speed (186,000 mps)

Question 14

What are 3 errors of GPS?

Answer 14

1. LINE OF SIGHT
2. Space Weather (solar interference)
3. Terrestrial interference/Jamming/Spoofing

Question 15

What are some benefits of WAAS?

Answer 15

1. Generates electronic glide path independent of ground equipment/barometric aiding
2. Manual RAIM calculation not required
3. Eliminate cold temperature affect
4. Don’t need to install ground station (cheap)

Question 16

What part of the world does WAAS cover?

Answer 16

North America only

Question 17

What is the main difference between GPS and GBAS?

Answer 17

• Ground Based Augmentation System reference facility is on/near the airport being served
• Allows precise approaches to multiple runways w/ 1 station

Question 18

What are the 4 components of LAAS?

Answer 18

1. LAAS Ground Facility
2. Reference Receiver
3. VHF Transmitter
4. GPS Satellites
5. A/c equipment

Question 19

What is NextGen?

Answer 19

• Umbrella term used to refer to the transformation of current systems to new technologies

Question 20

What is ERAM?

Answer 20

• En-Route Automation Modernization

- It is the most important piece of NextGen integration on ATCs side!

Question 21

What are the 2 main NextGen technologies impacting navigation?

Answer 21

1. ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasting)

2. PBN (Performance Based Navigation) - includes RNAV and RNP

Question 22

How does ADS-B work?

Answer 22

1. Airborne GPS receiver determine a/c location
2. ADS-B equipment combines GPS with altitude, speed and course info
3. Transmits info to other a/c and ground stations
   - Can receive this info from other a/c (TIS-B) and staions (FIS-B) if equipped

Question 23

What is UAT? How does it work?

Answer 23

• Universal Access Transceiver
  1. Sends/receives aircraft info
  2. Cessna = GDL90
  3. Your a/c is assigned an ID

Question 24

When ADS-B is mandated, where will ADS-B OUT be required?

Answer 24

• Class A, B, C

- Class E above 10,000’

Question 25

What is PBN and what are the 2 types?

Answer 25

• Performance Based Navigation
  1. RNAV (Area Navigation)
  2. RNP (Required Navigation Performance)

Question 26

What are the 2 major components of RNP?

Answer 26

1. On board Navigation Monitoring
2. Crew Altering
   - Always want actual nav performance (ANP) to be LESS than the RNP to remain within standards

Question 27

What are the requirements for RNAV 2?

Answer 27

• Aircraft will be within 2 NM of desired course 95% of the time
• A/c will be w/in 4 NM (or 2x) the desired course 100% of the time

Question 28

What are the advantages of PBN (RNAV and RNP)?

Answer 28

• EXTREME accuracy

- Improves efficiency in airspace and maintain spacing with radar

Question 29

What is the difference between a TF and an RF?

Answer 29

TF = Track Fix (GPS direct routes)
RF = Radius Fix (RNAVs flying an adjustable curve)

Question 30

What is the highest Level of Automation?

Answer 30

The FMS (flight management system/computer)

Question 31

What Control/Performance inputs would generate a -700ft/min and 90 knots with 10 degrees of flaps?

Answer 31

Power: 1750rpm
Attitude: -7 degrees