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Active Care Exam One > Stretching and PNF > Flashcards

Stretching and PNF Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the point of force beyond which tissue won’t return to former shape/size when force is removed?

A

Elastic limit

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2
Q

What is the term for the ability of a tissue to return to its previous shape or size following the application of a force?

A

Elasticity

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3
Q

What is the term for the ability to deform without return to prior shape?

A

Plasticity

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4
Q

What term is the property of a fluid to resist loads that produce shear and flow?

A

Viscosity

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5
Q

What effect does warming muscles have on viscosity?

A

Reduces it

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6
Q

Viscosity is dependent upon what idea?

A

Time

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7
Q

How does faster movement affect viscosity?

A

Increases it

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8
Q

What is thixotropy?

A

The concept that mechanical vibration causes change to substances from a gel/solid to liquid

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9
Q

In what way does thixotropy apply to muscles?

A

Muscle becomes stiff with disuse and more mobile with movement

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10
Q

What are some of the contraindications for stretching?

A

Bony block limiting motion, recent nonunion fracture, acute inflammation/infection, soft-tissue healing, hematoma, hypermobility

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11
Q

What is the cause of stretch-induced strength loss?

A

Decreased electrical activity and motor unit recruitment (shouldn’t stretch before performance, usually resistance in nature)

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12
Q

What specific type of stretching can decrease performance if done prior?

A

Static stretching without muscle activation

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13
Q

What kinds of stretching should be done before a resistance exercise?

A

Dynamic

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14
Q

How long should a static stretch be held to be sufficient enough to increase ROM?

A

30 seconds

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15
Q

What are 2 types of static stretching?

A

Active self, passive partner

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16
Q

Is there additional benefit in holding a stretch for 60 seconds compared to 30?

A

NO

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of dynamic stretching?

A

Ballistic and active dynamic

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18
Q

What type of stretching involves rapid alternating movements to end-range (“bouncing” at end-range)?

A

Ballistic stretches

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19
Q

What is the downfall to ballistic stretching?

A

Increase injury risk

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20
Q

When should ballistic stretching be used?

A

Certain sports in healthy athletes like gymnastics or martial arts (not for injury recovery)

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21
Q

What type of stretching involves moment through a full-range where you start off slowly and gradually pick up speed and increased ROM?

A

Active dynamic stretching

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22
Q

What does PNF stand for?

A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

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23
Q

Herman Kabat is behind which stretching technique?

A

PNF

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24
Q

Which stretching technique involves stimulating distal segments to get increased proprioception of proximal segments?

A

PNF

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25
Q

Herman Kabat used PNF back in the day on patients with what condition?

A

Cerebral palsy

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26
Q

What was the philosophical principle behind PNF?

A

Untapped potential of the patient

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27
Q

What are the 3 components of the Spiral-Diagonal Plane of PNF?

A

Flexion/Extension, Rotation, Toward and Across Midline

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28
Q

According to the PNF Spiral-Diagonal Patterns, each extremity has how many patterns of motion?

A

2 (diagonal one and diagonal two)

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29
Q

What shoulder motions are involved with D1 flexion?

A

Arm finishes in flexion, adduction, and external rotation

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30
Q

What shoulder motions are involved with D1 extension?

A

Arm finishes in extension, abduction, and internal rotation

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31
Q

Which is compared to grabbing a seat belt in the car: D1 or D2?

A

D1

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32
Q

Which is compared to grabbing a sword from the sheath to the air: D1 or D2?

A

D2

33
Q

What shoulder motions are involved with D2 flexion?

A

Arm finishes in flexion, abduction, and external rotation

34
Q

What shoulder motions are involved with D2 extension?

A

Arm finishes in extension, adduction, and internal rotation

35
Q

What forearm motion is involved with D1 flexion and D2 flexion?

A

Supination

36
Q

What forearm motion is involved with D1 extension and D2 extension?

A

Pronation

37
Q

What wrist motion is involved with D1 flexion and D2 extension?

A

Flexion

38
Q

What wrist motion is involved with D2 flexion and D1 extension?

A

Extension

39
Q

What finger motion is involved with D2 flexion and D1 extension?

A

Extension

40
Q

What finger motion is involved with D2 extension and D1 flexion?

A

Flexion

41
Q

What hip motions are involved with D1 flexion?

A

Flexion, adduction, external rotation

42
Q

What hip motions are involved with D2 flexion?

A

Flexion, abduction, internal rotation

43
Q

What hip motions are involved with D2 extension?

A

Extension, adduction, external rotation

44
Q

What hip motions are involved with D1 extension?

A

Extension, abduction, internal rotation

45
Q

What is the foot motion for D1 flexion?

A

Dorsiflexion inversion

46
Q

What is the foot motion for D2 flexion?

A

Dorsiflexion eversion

47
Q

What is the foot motion for D2 extension?

A

Plantar flexion inversion

48
Q

What is the foot motion for D1 extension?

A

Planter flexion eversion

49
Q

Plantar flexion is associated with which hip patterns?

A

D1 and D2 extension

50
Q

Dorsiflexion is associated with which hip patterns?

A

D1 and D2 flexion

51
Q

What is the toe motion for both D1 and D2 flexion?

A

Extension

52
Q

What is the toe motion for both D1 and D2 extension?

A

Flexion

53
Q

What is “irradiation”?

A

Spread of excitation in the CNS that causes contraction of synergistic muscles in a specific pattern

54
Q

Biceps contraction leading to the contraction of other elbow flexors such as brachioradialis and brachialis is an example of what concept?

A

Irradiation

55
Q

What is another name for reciprocal inhibition?

A

Sherrington’s law

56
Q

What is Sherrington’s law?

A

Contraction of the agonist simultaneously inhibits the action of the antagonist

57
Q

Contraction of the biceps accompanied by inhibition of the triceps is an example of what phenomenon?

A

Reciprocal inhibition (Sherrington’s law)

58
Q

According to Liebens, what automatically happens to a muscle after it is contracted?

A

Enters relaxed state for a brief, latent period (post contraction inhibition)

59
Q

Which technique utilizes the reciprocal inhibition concept?

A

CRAC (contract, relax, agonist, contract)

60
Q

Which techniques utilize the postcontraction inhibition concept?

A

Hold relax, PIR, postfascilitation stretch

61
Q

What are the 3 facilitating specific PNF techniques?

A

Rhythmic stabilization, slow/fast reversal

62
Q

What are the 3 inhibiting specific PNF techniques?

A

Hold relax, contract relax, CRAC

63
Q

Which PNF technique involves concentric action of the antagonist followed by a concentric action of the agonist?

A

Both slow/fast reversal (just depends on speed)

64
Q

Which PNF technique involves alternating between isometric actions of the agonistic and antagonistic muscles?

A

Rhythmic stabilization

65
Q

Which PNF technique involves isometric action of the antagonist followed by relaxation and passive stretching of the antagonist?

A

Hold relax

66
Q

Which PNF technique involves maximal concentric action of the antagonist against resistance followed by relaxation and movement into the limited ROM?

A

Contract relax

67
Q

Which PNF technique involves reciprocal inhibition by having the agonist contract while stretching the antagonist?

A

CRAC

68
Q

What is PIR?

A

Post-isometric relaxation

69
Q

What are the steps of PIR?

A

1 passively stretch muscle to point of tension 2 contract gently for 10 seconds 3 breathe out and relax 4 gently stretch to next point of tension and repeat 3-5 reps

70
Q

What is PFS?

A

Post-facilitation stretch

71
Q

What are the steps of PFS?

A

1 hold muscle midway between neutral and point of tension 2 contract with max effect for 10 seconds 3 relax 4 move to new point of tension 5 hold stretch for 20 seconds 6 move back to midrange and rest 7 repeat 3-5 times

72
Q

What type of stretching involves voluntary contraction of a muscle in precise and controlled direction and variations in intensity?

A

Muscle energy technique (MET)

73
Q

What is another name for the active isolated stretching technique?

A

Mattes Method

74
Q

The Mattes Method takes advantage of what phenomenon?

A

Reciprocal inhibition

75
Q

How much pressure is utilized with active isolated stretching?

A

1 pound (GENTLE)

76
Q

How long is the stretch for active isolated stretching and how many reps are done?

A

2 seconds only, 8-10 reps (more could lead to local ischemia)

77
Q

Which overall technique of stretching can help improve ROM the most?

A

PNF

78
Q

Which is the best pre-contraction stretching?

A

PNF

79
Q

What population should incorporate static stretching into their daily routine?

A

Older adults (65+)

Active Care Exam One (3 decks)

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