Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Exam 2 > Cardiac Agents > Flashcards

Cardiac Agents Flashcards

1
Q

digoxin action

A
  • inhibits sodium-potassium pump → increases intracellular calcium during depolarization
  • positive inotropic effect (increases contractility)
  • negative chronotropic and dromotropic effect (decreases HR and AV node conduction)
  • increases CO and stroke volume
  • decreases fluid retention, increases fluid excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

digoxin

A
  • trade: Lanoxin
  • a cardiac glycoside
  • derived from foxglove plant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

digoxin use (3)

A
  • CHF
  • atrial flutter/fibrillation
  • paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

you can also use _____ and _____ if digoxin is not effective

A

calcium channel blocker Verapamil (Calan) and Warfarin (Coumadin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

digoxin PO/IV dose

A

0.5-1 mg initial dose for digitalization (divided into 2) + 0.125-0.5 mg/day for maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

digoxin half-life

A

30-40 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

digoxin + antacids interaction

A

decreased serum digoxin levels due to decreased absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

digoxin + thiazides and loop diuretics interaction

A

increased risk for toxicity - due to hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

digoxin + Quinidine, Verapamil, Flecainide interaction

A

increased serum digoxin levels - compete for drug receptor site and enzyme pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____, _____, and _____ can increase risk for digitalis toxicity

A

hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

digoxin + ginseng interaction

A

falsely elevates digoxin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

digoxin + St. John’s wort interaction

A

decreases absorption and serum level of digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

digoxin + hawthorn interaction

A

increases effects of digitalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

digoxin + aloe interaction

A

increased potassium loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

digoxin + Ma-Huang interaction

A

increases risk for digitalis toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

digoxin + licorice interaction

A

potentiates effect of digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

therapeutic serum digoxin level

A

0.5-2.0 mg/mL

18
Q

digoxin toxicity symptoms (7)

A
  • bradycardia
  • premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
  • cardiac dysrhythmias - heart blocks, tachycardia
  • headache
  • blurred vision
  • visual illusions - white, green, yellow halos around objects
  • confusion, delirium
19
Q

carvedilol

A
  • trade: Coreg
  • a beta blocker
  • antioxidant protectant
20
Q

carvedilol use

A

slows progression of CHF

21
Q

carvedilol action

A
  • blocks beta 1 and 2, and alpha 1 receptors
  • antioxidant protects against free radicals causing damage to nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which are linked to cancer and atherosclerosis
22
Q

what type of med is used as the primary line of therapy for majority of patients with heart failure and pulmonary congestion?

A

diuretics!

23
Q

thiazides action

A

inhibits active exchange of chlorine and sodium in the cortical diluting segment of the ascending loop of Henle/distal convoluted tubule

24
Q

thiazides use

A

treatment of CHF

25
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A
  • trade: HCTZ

- a thiazide diuretic

26
Q

loop diuretics action

A

inhibits exchange of chlorine, sodium, and potassium in the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle

27
Q

loop diuretics use

A

drug most commonly given for acute exacerbation of CHF - fastest, most effective

28
Q

furosemide

A
  • trade: Lasix

- a loop diuretic

29
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics action

A
  • blocks production of aldosterone; promotes sodium and water excretion in distal convoluted and collecting tubules
  • cardioprotective effect - promotes cardiac remodeling
30
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics use

A

treatment of CHF

31
Q

spironolactone

A
  • trade: Aldactone

- a K-sparing diuretic

32
Q

osmotic diuretics action

A

pulls large amounts of fluid from cells into blood/urine via osmotic effect

33
Q

osmotic diuretics uses (2)

A
  • patients experiencing increased intracranial pressure or intraocular pressure
  • prevention of kidney failure in patients receiving Cisplatin chemotherapy - promotes blood flow to kidneys
34
Q

mannitol side effects (3)

A
  • fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • pulmonary edema
  • nausea/vomiting
35
Q

mannitol contraindications (2)

A
  • CHF

- renal failure

36
Q

mannitol

A
  • trade: Osmitrol
  • an osmotic diuretic
  • a sugar - uses osmotic pull of sugar to pull fluid into urine
37
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors action

A

inhibits action of carbonic anhydrase (enzyme that helps maintain balance of hydrogen ion and bicarbonate) → sodium, potassium, bicarbonate excretion in proximal renal tubule; decreases acid secretion

38
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors uses (3)

A
  • decrease intraocular pressure in open-angle/chronic glaucoma
  • before eye surgery
  • also used to alkalinize urine - ex. in rhabdomyolysis
39
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors side effects (5)

A
  • fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • metabolic acidosis
  • nausea/vomiting, anorexia
  • confusion
  • orthostatic hypotension
40
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors adverse reactions (3)

A
  • hemolytic anemia
  • renal calculi
  • crystalluria
41
Q

acetazolamide

A
  • trade: Diamox

- a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Pharm Exam 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions