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GEO1111 > Nucleosynthesis > Flashcards

Nucleosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Olbers paradox

A

Asks why the sky is so black at night

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2
Q

What was TBBT originally called

A

Cosmic egg hypothesis

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3
Q

Define Hubble Constant

A

The velocity of the universe expansion, which can be used to trace backwards how old the universe is

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4
Q

How did Hubble learn that he universe was expanding

A

He observed that light from distant stars was longer in wavelength, indicating that the source was moving away

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5
Q

Why were no elements besides He and H made at the big bang

A

No pressure, just immense heat exploding out ward. Did not allow for three protons to slam into another

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6
Q

How were heavier elements (up to Fe) created?

A

In the cores of stars

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7
Q

How were elements heavier than Fe created

A

In supernovas, where massive pressure and heat were readily available

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8
Q

99% of the solar system mass is found where?

A

The sun

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9
Q

How are we able to determine the composition of the sun

A

We examine the spectrums the sun generate, and look for black lines at certain places in the spectrum, indicative of certain elements

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10
Q

What are the namesof the lines in the spectrum that are indicative of some elments

A

Fraunhofer lines

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11
Q

Define refractory

A

High melting and boiling points

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12
Q

Define volatile

A

very low melting and boiling points

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13
Q

what is the molecule that serves as the backbone for most minerals

A

silica tetrahedron

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14
Q

What is the nebular hypothesis

A

the solar system was formed by a nebula that collapsed on itself into a swirling disk

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15
Q

2 supporting facts of the nebular hypothesis

A
  1. all planets on same plane of orbit

2. The planets all rotate in the same direction

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16
Q

How do we know that the interior of the earth has metal rich core

A

Magma deposits from the mid oceanic rift

17
Q

Difference between Jovian and refractory planets

A

Jovian consist primarily of volatile material

18
Q

How do we deterine mass of planets

A

Judged from their velocity

19
Q

What are chondrites

A

Meteors that contain condrules

20
Q

What are chondrules

A

Drops of molten metal that cooled, not found naturally on earth

21
Q

What are achondrites

A

meteors that do not contain chondrules

22
Q

how the achondrites are made

A

Early in the solar system, the basaltic and iron meteorites formed by differentiation of mass into planetesimals that were hot and molten. Subsequent solidification and break up of these guys resulted in achondrites of differing ingredients.

23
Q

The universe is thought to be expanding because

A

the light from distant galaxies exhibits a redshift

24
Q

During Big Bang nucleosynthesis, most of the hydrogen and helium in the universe is
thought to have been generated—but not much else—because

A

the temperature dropped too fast

25
Q

The Sun’s composition is best determined by analyzing

A

Fraunhofer lines

26
Q

The average composition of terrestrial planets is best determined by analyzing

A

chondrites

27
Q

The solar system’s composition is best determined by analyzing

A

Fraunhofer lines

28
Q

What stems the gravitational collapse of a star?

A

Pressure created by the escape of heat from nuclear fusion.

29
Q

Stellar nucleosynthesis involves

A

a) nuclear fusion
b) temperatures of tens of millions of degrees Centigrade
c) the generation of elements as heavy as iron
d) the production of the heat that stems gravitational collapse of the star

30
Q

iron limit exists because

A

once iron starts to form in a star, the “fuel” for nuclear fusion starts to run out

31
Q

Chondrites contain _____________, whereas achondrites do not.

A

chrondrules

32
Q

How can a planets mass be calculated from its moon?

A

The planet with a moon that spins faster has a greater mass

GEO1111 (25 decks)

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