Chapter 2: Internal Anatomy of the brain and ventricles

Question 1

What are ventricles?

Answer 1

they are holes found deep within the brainstem filled with CSF

Question 2

Parts of the lateral ventricle

Answer 2

anterior horn (found in frontal lobe)
body (found in parietal lobe)
posterior horn (found in occipital lobe)
inferior horn (found in temporal lobe)

Question 3

Third ventricle

Answer 3

where the thalmus lies

lower portion of the third ventricle is where the hypothalmus lies

Question 4

cerebral aqueduct

Answer 4

skinny tube-like structure that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 5

Pathway of CSF

Answer 5

flows throughout the lateral ventricle and goes to the brain via the subarachnoid space and down the spinal cord

Question 6

roof of the lateral ventricle

Answer 6

corpus callosum

Question 7

floor of the lateral ventricle

Answer 7

head of the caudate

-which is part of the basal ganglia

Question 8

role of the basal ganglia

Answer 8

voluntary motor control
thinking
helps the cortex function

Question 9

parts of the basal ganglia

Answer 9

head of the caudate
globus pallidus
substantia nigra

Question 10

internal capsule

Answer 10

major axonal highway that seperates the caudate and carrys vital info

Question 11

Where and how does the internal capsule carry information?

Answer 11

this bottleneck of myelinated axons that spread out as they rise up carry information from the thalmus to the cortex and from the cortex to the thalmus, brainstem and spinal cord

Question 12

What occurs when there is damage to the internal capsule?

Answer 12

symptoms of sensory loss and paralysis

Question 13

What forms the lateral walls of the third ventricle?

Answer 13

the thalmus

Question 14

What is the structure of the thalmus?

Answer 14

a group of a group of nuclei

Question 15

What is found below the thalmus?

Answer 15

the hypothalmus

Question 16

Role of the hypothalmus

Answer 16

major controller of the ANS

endocrine function

Question 17

What is the anterior portion of the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 17

the anterior fissure

Question 18

What does the anterior fissure connect?

Answer 18

the right and left temporal lobes

Question 19

What sits right below the hypothalmus?

Answer 19

the mammillary body

Question 20

What forms the medial border of the inferior horn?

Answer 20

the hippocampus; which is found in the parahippocampal gyrus

Question 21

Role of the hippocampus

Answer 21

processing area for new, explicit memories

learning facts and remembering events

Question 22

What happens if there is damage to both hippocampi?

Answer 22

you can not form new memories

Question 23

What does the posterior commisure connect?

Answer 23

the right and left midbrain

Question 24

What is the fornix?

Answer 24

a large fiber tract of myelinated axons that come out of the hippocampus to come up and round the thalmus and dive through the hypothalmus and synapse in the mammillary bodies, which are part of the hypothalmus
—–memory formation pathway

Question 25

When does a stop at the thalmus occur?

Answer 25

when things are going to the cortex

Question 26

When is there NO stop at the thalmus?

Answer 26

upper motor neurons ——-> lower motor neurons

Question 27

What lies in front of the inferior horn?

Answer 27

the amygdala; which is a cluster of many nuclei found in the uncus

Question 28

Where are the pyramids found?

Answer 28

on the ventral side at the level of the medulla

Question 29

Role of the pyramids

Answer 29

axons of upper motor neurons that are involved with voluntary movement