Lecture #12 (Aquatic Exercise)

Question 1

What is the purpose of aquatic exercise?

Answer 1

To facilitate activity of an injury earlier than it would be possible to do on dry land.

Question 2

What are some specific goals of aquatic exercise? (x6)

Answer 2

ROM, resistance training, weight-bearing, cardio exercise, earlier functional activities, and relaxation (i.e. back traction)

Question 3

What is the density of an object relating to the density of water?

Answer 3

Specific gravity

Question 4

What is the specific gravity of water? What does this help determine?

Answer 4

1…if the specific gravity of an object is >1 then the object will sink, but if it is

Question 5

What helps determine a person’s specific gravity? What is the average? Who would float and who would sink?

Answer 5

The lean mass vs fat mass; the average is 0.95-0.97. An obese person would float and a lean person would sink.

Question 6

What is the upward force against gravity produced by water that is equal to the volume of water that an object displaces?

Answer 6

Buoyancy

Question 7

What does buoyancy help promote?

Answer 7

Joint unloading (relative weightlessness)

Question 8

What happens if the COG and COB are not in line during aquatic exercise?

Answer 8

The body will tend to turn or tip

Question 9

What is a fluid’s resistance to movement? What are this principle’s 4 components?

Answer 9

Hydrodynamics: viscosity, form drag, wave drag, and frictional drag.

Question 10

What is viscosity? What does it help create? What is it determined by?

Answer 10

The friction between the water molecules that helps create resistance to flow. It is determined by cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.

Question 11

What is drag? What are the three different types of drag?

Answer 11

The resistance to a body that is moving through a fluid. Includes form drag, frictional drag, and wave drag.

Question 12

What is form drag determined by? What two types of flow can it create?

Answer 12

The shape and size of the object…it can create laminar flow or turbulent flow.

Question 13

What is laminar flow? How could a hand create it through the water?

Answer 13

Slow movement with the water molecules moving more parallel. This creates less drag, and less resistance. It can be created by moving a hand flat through the water.

Question 14

What is turbulent flow? How could a hand create it through the water?

Answer 14

Fast movement with the water molecules moving less parallel. This creates more drag and a wake. It can be created by moving a sideways hand through the water.

Question 15

What is frictional drag?

Answer 15

The result of the water’s surface tension…this is not important in rehab except for competitive swimmers–this is why they wear the special suits to help decrease this.

Question 16

What is wave drag? How is it affected by more speed or by less speed?

Answer 16

The water’s resistance to turbulence…More speed will result in more wave drag and less speed will result in less wave drag

Question 17

Which will have more wave drag, rough or smooth water?

Answer 17

Rough

Question 18

Walking in water is how many times more resistant than walking in air?

Answer 18

5-6 times

Question 19

Walking in running water is how many times more resistant than air?

Answer 19

40 times

Question 20

What states that the pressure from fluid is exerted equally on all surfaces of an immersed object at any given depth?

Answer 20

Pascal’s law

Question 21

True or false:

The deeper the body is submerged, the less weight is borne by the lower extremities.

Answer 21

True…aka why this lecture it important

Question 22

How much WB occurs when the patient is submerged to their hips? Their sternum? Their neck?

Answer 22

Hips= 50% weight bearing
Sternum= 35% weight bearing
Neck= 10% weight bearing

Question 23

True or false:

The speed of a movement has no effect on the amount of weight bearing for the patient.

Answer 23

False…faster movements increases the amount of weight bearing and slower movements create a minimal increase in weight bearing.

Question 24

Why is it important to wary of the temperature of the water during aquatic exercise?

Answer 24

There is a decreased opportunity for heat to be dissipated through sweat, and water conducts heat 25 times faster than air.

Question 25

What could be an advantage of using warm water during rehab?

Answer 25

It promotes analgesia and tissue elasticity

Question 26

List some examples of assistive devices for aquatic exercise (x8).

Answer 26

Flotation cuffs, pull buoys, vests, belts, kickboards, water dumbbells, balls, and noodles.

Question 27

List some examples of resistive devices for aquatic exercise (x 7).

Answer 27

Water shoes, fins, boots, webbed gloves, paddles, underwater weights, and kickboards.

Question 28

What are the indications for aquatic exercise? (x9)

Answer 28

• pain
• edema
• muscle spasm
• loss of motion
• weakness
• limited endurance
• decreased balance and proprioception
• restricted WB status
• exercise for contralateral area, cardio conditioning, and diminished trunk stabilization

Question 29

What are the precautions for aquatic exercise? (x8)

Answer 29

• fear of the water
• medications
• ear infections
• diabetes
• cardiovascular disease
• seizure disorders
• water warm for vigorous workout
• water cold for easy workout

Question 30

What are the contraindications for aquatic exercise? (x7)

Answer 30

• contagious infection
• severe cold or flu
• UTI
• temperature of 100 degrees F or more
• open wounds
• uncontrolled seizures
• other medical conditions

Question 31

What are some advantages of aquatic exercise?

Answer 31

• exercise even if NWB or WB restricted
• water warmth can relax muscles and relieve pain
• buoyancy can reduce joint compressive forces
• promotes body awareness and balance (i.e. jets)
• prevent deconditioning of muscles and heart
• hydrostatic pressure helps to reduce swelling