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Physical Activity and Aging > Endocrine, Immune and CNS Conditions > Flashcards

Endocrine, Immune and CNS Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

______ secretes hormones that are essential to all growth and metabolism

A

thyroid

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2
Q

true or false: the stomach is a regulator of all body functions

A

false: the thyroid gland is a regulator of all body function

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3
Q

are thyroid disorders more common in men or women

A

women

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4
Q

hypothyroid vs. hyperthyroid

A

hypothyroid - underactive thyroid

hyperthyroid - overactive thyroid

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5
Q

hypothyroidism

A

weak slow heart beat, muscular weakness and constant fatigue, sensitive to cold, thick puffy skin, slowed mental processes and poor memory, constipation, goiter

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6
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

rapid forceful heartbeat, tremor, muscular weakness, weight loss in spite of increased appetite, restlessness, anxiety, sleeplessness, profuse sweating and heat intolerance, diarrhea, goiter

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7
Q

how is hyperthyroidism treated?

A

with meds, radioactive iodine pills or thyroidectomy

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8
Q

average age of menopause

A

52

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9
Q

what does menopause cause an increased risk for?

A

CV disease, osteoporosis, mood disorders

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10
Q

symptoms of menopause

A

hot flashes, mood swings, foggy brain

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11
Q

6 characteristics of metabolic syndrome

A
  • abdominal obesity
  • high lipids
  • increased blood pressure
  • insulin resistance
  • pro-inflammatory state
  • pro-thrombotic state
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12
Q

diabetes

A

disease in which the body is unable to properly store and use glucose for energy/expenditure

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13
Q

type I vs type II diabetes

A

Type I - body can’t produce insulin

Type II - body can’t use the insulin produced

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14
Q

risk factors for diabetes

A
  • high cholesterol/triglycerides
  • sedentary
  • family history
  • high blood pressure
  • aboriginal, asian, latin american or african ethnicity
  • having a baby over albs
  • being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder
  • having been diagnosed with sleep apnea
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15
Q

hypoglycemia

A

when blood sugar is too low

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16
Q

warning signs of hypoglycemia

A

shakiness, dizziness, light headed, irritability

17
Q

treatment for hypoglycemia

A

fast acting carb

18
Q

hyperglycemia

A

when blood sugar is too high

19
Q

treatment for hyperglycemia

A

insulin or medication

20
Q

benefits of exercise for diabetics

A
  • decreases circulating blood sugar
  • controls weight
  • controls CV risk factors
  • increases muscle mass
  • increases binding of insulin
21
Q

what are the clinical practice guidelines for physical activity by canadian diabetes association?

A

1) aerobic exercise 50-70% MHR 150 min/week
2) resistance training 3x/week, 1-2 sets, 12-15 reps progressing to 3 sets, 8 reps
3) late night exercise not recommended (for type I especially)

22
Q

Dementia

A

a syndrome or group of symptoms that show impairments in areas such as:

  • cognitive skills
  • functional abilities
  • mood and behaviour
  • causes memory changes, intellectual deficits and behavioural disturbances
23
Q

what is the most common dementia?

A

alzheimers disease

24
Q

__ in 10 people over 65 and __ in 10 people over 85 have alzheimers disease

A

1 in 10 over 65 and 4 in 10 over 85

25
Q

how many cases of alzheimers disease are genetic?

A

30-50%

26
Q

benefits of exercise for dementia

A
  • improves stamina, mood, circulation, sleep
  • improves calming effect
  • helps retain motor skills
  • imparts sense of meaning, purpose, contributing to their own health
  • controls blood pressure, falls and all other general benefits
27
Q

what is meant by higher cognitive function?

A

higher functioning in verbal memory, executive functioning, attention, speed and mental flexibility

28
Q

what type of exercise seems to provide the largest improvement in cognitive function?

A

moderate strength training combined with aerobic exercises

29
Q

do females or males wth alzheimers get a higher benefit from exercise

A

females because experience a marked drop in reproductive hormones at menopause, whereas men experience a more gradual decrease in sex hormones in andropause (testosterone might have protective effects on brain tissue)

30
Q

how does exercise improve cognition

A

more neurotransmitters working at the synapses, create more brain cells, create more vessels in brains, reduces buildup of amyloid beta plaques, reduces brain atrophy, repairs neurons

31
Q

exercise prescription for alzheimers disease

A
  • aerobic: it can be a familiar activity

- Time: aim for 40-60 minutes broken up to 15-20 minute bouts

32
Q

what is the 2nd most common type of dementia

A

parkinsons disease

33
Q

do more men or women have parkinson disease

A

men

34
Q

parkinsons is the failure to properly metabolise ______ (unable to cross blood-brain barrier)

A

dopamine

35
Q

symptoms of parkingsons

A
  • pill rolling
  • useless contraction of skeletal muscles
  • stooped posture
  • expressionless face
  • shuffling gait
  • slow, monotonous speech
  • difficulty initiating movement
36
Q

when should medication for parkinsons be taken when doing physical activity

A

60 minutes prior to activity

37
Q

best choices of exercise for parkinsons disease

A

swimming, recumbent bike, walk, dance

38
Q

benefits of exercise in people with parkinsons

A
  • reduces falls
  • improves gait
  • increases grip strength
  • reduces arm tremor
  • motor coordination
39
Q

what is the cardio prescription for someone with parkinsons

A

3x/week, 60-75% max HR

Physical Activity and Aging (11 decks)

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