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Nursing > Practice Terms > Flashcards

Practice Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of consciousness

A

(1) Alert
(2) Lethargic (somnolent)
(3) Obtunded
(4) Stupor or semi coma
(5) Coma

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2
Q

Lethargic

A

Not alert, drifts off to sleep, drowsy, thinking slow and fuzzy, inattentive, loses train of thought, spontaneous movement decreased.

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3
Q

Obtunded

A

Transitional state not always included. Sleeps mostly, difficult to arouse (needs loud shout or vigorous shake), confused, converses in monosyllables/mumbles/incoherent, requires constant stimulation even for marginal cooperation.

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4
Q

Stupor or semi coma

A

Spontaneously unconscious, responds only to vigorous shake or pain, has motor/reflux response to pain, mumbles, groans, moves restlessly.

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5
Q

Coma

A

Completely unconscious, no response to pain or any internal/external stimuli. Light coma has some reflux activity. Deep coma has no motor response.

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6
Q

Levels of stimulus

A

Name called, name called in loud voice, light touch on arm, vigorous shake of shoulder, pain applied.

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7
Q

ABCT

A

Appearance, Behavior, Cognition, Thought process.

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8
Q

Acute confusional state (Delirium)

A

Clouding of consciousness, inattentive, makes incoherent conversation, impaired recent memory, agitated, visual hallucinations, disorientated, confusion worse at night when stimuli decreased.

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9
Q

Palpation

A

Assesses texture, temperature, moisture, organ location and size, swelling, vibration, pulsation, rigidity, spasticity, crepitation, presence of lumps or masses, presence of tenderness or pain.

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10
Q

Intradermal

A

Use tuberculin syringe (0.01 to 0.1 mL) with five gauge needle (26 to 27) in lightly pigmented, thin skinned, hairless sites (inner surface of mid forearm or scapular area of back) at a 5 to 15 degree angle with bevel up.

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11
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Use 3/8 to 5/8 inch, 25 to 27 needle, or insulin syringe of 28 to 31. Inject no more than 1.5 mL. For average client use 45 to 90 angle, for obese client use 90 degree angle.

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12
Q

Intramuscular

A

Use needle 18 to 27 (usually 22 to 25 gauge), 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, inject at 90 degree angle. 1-3 mL. If greater amount used divide into 2 syringes and use 2 sites.

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13
Q

Z-track

A

Type of IM that prevents medication from leaking back into subcutaneous tissue. Often used for medications that cause visible and/or permanent skin stains.

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14
Q

Intravenous

A

Use 16 gauge for trauma clients. 18 gauge for surgical clients. 22 to 24 gauge for children, older adults, medical clients, and stable postoperative clients. Peripheral veins in arm or hand. Ask which site is preferred. Neonates, veins of head, lower legs, feet. Immediately monitor for therapeutic and side/adverse effects.

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15
Q

Epidural

A

Catheter advanced through needle that is inserted into epidural space at the level of 4th and 5th vertebrae.

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16
Q

Oral medication

A

Highly variable absorption. Inactivation can occur by GI tract or first pass effect. Client must be cooperative, conscious and have intact gag reflex.

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17
Q

Acute dystonias

A

Spastic movements and muscle rigidity.

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18
Q

EPS

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms or abnormal body movements.

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19
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

Steroid that may increase blood glucose.

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20
Q

Thrill

A

Continuos palpable sensation, like the purring of a cat.

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21
Q

Borborygmi

A

Audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis.

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22
Q

Vocal fremitis

A

Vibrations caused by sound waves that can be palpated externally.

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23
Q

Tactile fremitis

A

Tremulous vibration of the chest wall during breathing that is palpable on physical examination.

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24
Q

Clubbing

A

Bulging of nail base due to insufficient oxygenation. Seen with emphysema and congenital heart disease.

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25
Q

Bruit

A

Abnormal sound or murmur heard while auscultating organ, gland, or artery.

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26
Q

Arcus senilis

A

Thin white ring along the margin of the iris.

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27
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing blood from respiratory tract.

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28
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical insertion of needle into chest walls.

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29
Q

Renin

A

Produced by juxtaglomerular apparatus that surrounds each arteriole as it enters glomerulus, affects BP.

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30
Q

MI

A

Necrosis of cardiac muscle caused by obstruction of coronary artery.

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31
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of alveoli, preventing exchange of CO2 and oxygen.

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32
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath.

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33
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air or gas in the pleural space.

34
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Decreased circulatory blood volume resulting from extra cellular fluid loss.

35
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of germs or microorganisms.

36
Q

Serous

A

Clear fluid.

37
Q

Sanguineous

A

Fluid containing RBCs.

38
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Soft, pink, fleshy projections of tissue that form during healing in wound not healing by primary intention.

39
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Procedure used to reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms (clean technique).

40
Q

Suprainfection

A

Secondary infection.

41
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Abnormal increase in number of WBCs.

42
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

Procedure that eliminates all microorganisms including spores (sterile technique).

43
Q

Iatrogenic infection

A

Caused by treatment or diagnostic procedure.

44
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged electrolytes.

45
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination.

46
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of bladder.

47
Q

Oliguria

A

Diminished capacity to form and produce urine.

48
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased formation and excretion of urine.

49
Q

Urosepsis

A

Condition cause by bacteria in urine

50
Q

Kilocalorie

A

Energy producing potential of food.

51
Q

Anthopometry

A

A measurement system of the size and makeup of the body.

52
Q

Saccharide

A

Sugar

53
Q

Ligament

A

Connects bones and cartilage.

54
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscles to bones.

55
Q

Embolus

A

Foreign object, air, gas, tissue, tumor, thrombus, that circulates in blood stream until becoming lodged.

56
Q

Thrombus

A

Accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors that attach to the walls of veins or arteries.

57
Q

Hypostatic pneumonia

A

Inflammation of lung from stasis or pooling of secretion.

58
Q

Synovial joint

A

Movable joint.

59
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Firmly bound joint.

60
Q

Footdrop

A

Abnormal neuromuscular condition of lower leg/foot, resulting in inability to dorsiflex or evert foot.

61
Q

Synostotic joint

A

Joint where bones are joined by bones. No movement.

62
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Increased muscle tension without muscle shortening.

63
Q

Eccentric tension

A

Tension that helps control the speed and direction of movement.

64
Q

Concentric tension

A

Increased muscle contraction resulting in muscle shortening with movement resulting.

65
Q

Dehiscence

A

Separation of wound edges that reveal underlying tissues.

66
Q

Primary intention

A

Primary union of wound that progresses to complete scar formation without granulation.

67
Q

Secondary intention

A

Wound closure where edges are separated, granulation tissue develops and epithelium grows over producing larger scar.

68
Q

Blanching

A

Whitening of the skin.

69
Q

Serosanguineous

A

Serum and blood.

70
Q

Wound contraction

A

Movement of dermis and epidermis on each side of the wound.

71
Q

Pyridium

A

Turns urine orange.

72
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Turns urine green/blue.

73
Q

Levodopa

A

Turns urine brown/black.

74
Q

Immobility causes…

A

Release of calcium into bloodstream, hypercalcemia.

75
Q

Stage I pressure ulcer

A

Redness, with no open skin, will be warmer or cooler than other areas with change in sensation.

76
Q

Stage II pressure ulcer

A

Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and possibly dermis.

77
Q

Stage III pressure ulcer

A

Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous tissue that may extend to the fascia but not through it.

78
Q

Stage IV pressure ulcer

A

Full thickness loss extending to muscle, bone or supporting structures.

79
Q

Dexamethozone

A

Raises blood glucose levels.

80
Q

S1 sound

A

Mitral and tricuspid valve closure.

81
Q

S2 sound

A

Aortic and pulmonic valve closure.

Nursing (11 decks)

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