Lecture 5 Intro to Canine Pelvic Limb

Question 1

How is the pelvic limb attached to the trunk?

Answer 1

by bony articulations

Question 2

What does the ligament of the femoral head do?

Answer 2

anchors the head of the femur in the acetabulum of the os coxae

Question 3

True or false? There is an additional accessory ligament of the head of the femur in the horse.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What do the right and left os coxae articulate to form?

Answer 4

the pelvis or pelvic girdle

Question 5

How do the right and left os coxae articulate?

Answer 5

• articulates ventrally at the pelvic symphysis

- articulates dorsally to the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint

Question 6

What four bones make up the os coxae?

Answer 6

Ilium (cranial, articulates with sacrum)
Ischium (caudal, caudal articulation of pelvic symphysis
Pubis (L shaped, cranial and medial to obturator foramen. forms cranial articulation of pelvic symphysis)
Acetabular bone (seen only in development as helps form the acetabulum and fuses with pubis, ischium, and ilium)

Question 7

What is the pelvic canal?

Answer 7

the region between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet that imparts protection to the viscera of the reproductive, urinary, and digestive systems.

Question 8

What are the lateral, ventral and dorsal boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

Answer 8

arcuate line, the ilium, and the promontory of the sacrum

Question 9

What is the ventral, mid-dorsal, and lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 9

Ventral boundary: ischiatic arch
Mid-dorsal boundary: first caudal vertebra
Lateral boundary: sarcotuberous ligament, superficial gluteal muscles, muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

Question 10

What are the four major fascias on the thorasic limb?

Answer 10

• Superficial/deep (thoracolumbar) fascia of the trunk
• Superficial/deep gluteal fascia
• Superficial/deep (fascia lata) femoral fascia
• Superficial/deep crural/tarsal fascia

Question 11

What are the two muscles that together make up the iliopsoas?

Answer 11

psoas major and iliacus

Question 12

What is the function of the iliopsoas m.?

Answer 12

flex the hip

Question 13

What is the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 13

the deep femoral fascia on the lateral aspect of the limb (has superficial and deep parts)

Question 14

What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 14

tuber coxae; aponeurosis of middle gluteal m.

Question 15

What is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 15

fascia lata

Question 16

What is the action of the tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 16

tense fascia lata; flex hip; extend stifle

Question 17

What is the piriformis m.?

Answer 17

A separate component of the middle gluteal m. and is located between the middle and deep gluteal mm.

Question 18

What are the muscles of the small pelvic association?

Answer 18

• Internal obturator
• External obturator
• Gemelli m.
• Quadratus femoris m.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of the small pelvic association muscles?

Answer 19

• All insert within the trochanteric fossa of the femur, except the quadratus femoris which inserts on the intertrochanteric crest
• all are lateral rotators of the hip.

Question 20

What muscles make up the hamstrings?

Answer 20

• Biceps femoris (caudal crural abductor)
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus

Question 21

What muscles contribute to the common calcanean tendon?

Answer 21

• biceps femoris m.
• gracilis m.
• gastrocnemius m.
• semitendinosus m.
• superficial digital flexor m.

Question 22

Which muscles form the canial and caudal borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 22

Cranial: caudal part of the sartorius
Caudal: pectineus

Question 23

What are the four muscles of the quadriceps?

Answer 23

• Rectus femoris
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus intermedius

Question 24

What muscle is the patella located within?

Answer 24

the distal tendon of the quadriceps femoris

Question 25

What is the most superficial muscle of the cranial crus? (dog)

Answer 25

cranial tibial

Question 26

What holds down the tendons of the cranial tibial and long digital extensor?

Answer 26

the crural extensor retinaculum

Question 27

What does the tarsal extensor retinaculum hold down?

Answer 27

the tendon of insertion of the long digital extensor

Question 28

What is the triceps surae muscle?

Answer 28

the soleus, along with the two heads of the gastrocnemius.

only in species who have a soleus

Question 29

What is the femoral triangle?

Answer 29

palpable region on the proximal and medial aspect of the pelvic limb where the femoral artery, vein, and nerve are located
Base: abdominal wall and inguinal ligament
Cranial border: caudal part of the sartorius m.
Caudal border: pectineus m.

Question 30

What is the vascular lacuna?

Answer 30

opening in the abdominal wall for passage of the femoral vessels and nerve to/from the abdomen and pelvic limb
(located between the inguinal ligament (caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique m.) and the pelvis.