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Esthetician Girl > Esthetics > Flashcards

Esthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Aesthetikos is a Greek word meaning what?

A

Perceptible to the senses

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2
Q

Tiny plant or animal cells that cannot be seen with the naked eye

A

Microorganisms

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3
Q

Bacteria are also known as…

A

Pathogenic or non-pathogenic

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4
Q

What do nonpathogenic bacteria do?

A

Help the body breakdown food, protect against infection, and stimulate the immune system.

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5
Q

What do pathogenic bacteria do?

A

Considered harmful because they may cause disease or infection when they invade the body.

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6
Q

What two stages make up the life cycle of bacteria?

A

Active stage

Inactive stage

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7
Q

What is one important difference between viruses and bacteria?

A

Viruses live only by penetrating cells and becoming parts of them, bacteria can live on their own.

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8
Q

What is resistant to antibiotics viruses or bacteria?

A

Viruses

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9
Q

In what ways does the body fight infection? Name 4

A

a) unbroken skin, which is the body’s first line of defense
b) body secretions, such as perspiration & digestive juices
c) white cells within the ok that destroy bacteria
d) antitoxins that counteract the toxins produced by bacteria viruses

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10
Q

Federal agency that enforces safety and health standards at the workplace

A

OSHA

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11
Q

What is OSHA?

A

Federal agency that enforces safety and health standards at the workplace

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12
Q

3 main levels of decontamination…

A

A) Sanitation
B) Disinfection
C) Sterilization

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13
Q

What does sterilization do?

A

Kills all Microorganisms including bacterial spores

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14
Q

What level of decontamination kills all Microorganisms including bacterial spores?

A

Sterilization

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15
Q

What is an autoclave?

A

Sterilizes tools by using steam under pressure

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16
Q

What sterilizes tools by using steam under pressure?

A

Autoclave

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17
Q

What does disinfection do?

A

Kills most Microorganisms on hard, non porous surfaces.

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18
Q

What level of decontamination kills most Microorganisms on hard, non porous surfaces?

A

Disinfection

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19
Q

Disinfection does not kill what?

A

Bacterial spores, and some viruses.

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20
Q

Should disinfectants be used on human skin, hair, or nails?

A

No

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21
Q

Who registers different types of disinfectants?

A

The MSDS

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22
Q

Important rule when mixing disinfectants?

A

Add disinfectant to water

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23
Q

What must you do with any item used on a client?

A

Disinfect or discard

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24
Q

What is the lowest level of decontamination?

A

Sanitation

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25
Q

What is decontamination?

A

Removing pathogens from tools and surfaces

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26
Q

What are two methods of sterilization?

A

Autoclave & dry heat

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27
Q

Tools that come into contact with blood or bodily fluids must be what?

A

Disinfected

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28
Q

A client who shows no symptoms or signs of infection is what?

A

Asymatic

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29
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the functions and activities performed by ur body structures

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30
Q

What is the study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and what they are made up of?

A

Anatomy

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31
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures

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32
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and what they are made up of

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33
Q

What is mitosis?

A

They process in that cells reproduce

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34
Q

What are the 11 major body systems?

A 
A) circulatory
B) digestive 
C) endocrine 
D) excretory
E) integumentary
F) muscular 
G) nervous 
H) reproductive
I) respitory
J) skeletal
K) lymphatic or immune
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35
Q

Two phases of cell metabolism

A

Anabolism and catabolism

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36
Q

How many bones in skelatal system?

A

206

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37
Q

Bones of the upper jaw are the..

A

Maxillary

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38
Q

Two branches of chemistry

A

Organic and inorganic

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39
Q

The skin is made of what?

A

Chemicals

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40
Q

All skin care products are made of what?

A

Chemicals

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41
Q

Are inorganic chemicals alive? Were they ever?

A

No

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42
Q

All living things contain carbon. True or false?

A

True

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43
Q

Define matter

A

Any substance that occupied space and has weight

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44
Q

Protons charge?

A

Positive electrical charge

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45
Q

Neutrons charge?

A

Negative charge

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46
Q

Electrons charge?

A

Negative charge

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47
Q

What is ph?

A

Potential hydrogen

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48
Q

Name the characteristics of acids

A

Taste sour, turn litmus paper from blue to red

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49
Q

Name the characteristics of alkalis/bases

A

ph above 7.0 taste butter, turn paper red to blue

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50
Q

What is the neutral pH of skin?

A

5.5

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51
Q

What are the functions of the acid mantle?

A

Protective barrier against certain forms of bacteria and microorganisms

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52
Q

Average pH of the acid mantle?

A

5.5

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53
Q

What may result of the skin is exposed to a low or high pH?

A

Inflammation

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54
Q

True or false alkalies or based have a pH above 7.0

A

True

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55
Q

True or false a pH of 9.0 is 100 times more alkaline than a pH of 8.0

A

True

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56
Q

What does an oxidizing agent release?

A

Free radicals

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57
Q

Oxidized?

A

When oxygen is removed from a substance

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58
Q

What do antioxidants do?

A

Prevent oxidation by neutralizing free radicals

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59
Q

Solutions suspensions and emulsions are all kinds of what?

A

Physical mixtures

60
Q

Define solute

A

Substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution

61
Q

Define solution

A

Uniform mixture of two or more substances

62
Q

Define miscible

A

Uniform mixture of two or more mutually mixable substances

63
Q

Define immiscible

A

Suspensions (mixtures) of an unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier

64
Q

Define solute

A

Any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution

65
Q

Define miscible

A

Liquids that are mutually soluble

66
Q

What are immiscible liquids? Give an example

A

Not mutually mixable; such as water and oil

67
Q

3 characteristics of solutions

A

A) solute
B) solvent
C) miscible

68
Q

3 characteristics of suspensions

A

A) uniform mixture of two or more substances
B) emulsions: mixture of unstable mixtures of 2 or more immiscible substances
C) surfactants are used to emulsify oil and water

69
Q

Emulsify meaning?

A

To form an emulsion, which is suspensions of one liquid dispersed in another

70
Q

What substance allows oil and water to mix?

A

Surfactants

71
Q

Two parts of a surfactant molecule

A

Hyarophilic: water loving
Lipophilic: oil loving (dissolves in oil)

72
Q

List and define two types of emulsions used in cosmetics

A

A) oil in water: lotions and creams

B) water in oil: heavier and grenadier

73
Q

Any substance that easily transmits electricity is called a what?

A

Conductor

74
Q

What is electrotherapy?

A

Term for electronic facial treatments

75
Q

What are electrodes?

A

Various currents used in facial and scalp treatments

76
Q

What indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current

A

Polarity

77
Q

What is polarity?

A

indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current

78
Q

Name and briefly describe the two poles of an electric current

A

Anode: positive electrode (p+)
Cathode: negative electrode (n-)

79
Q

What are the 4 modalities used in cosmetology?

A

A) galvanic
B) faradic
C) sinusoidal
D) tesla high frequency

80
Q

Describe galvanic

A

Used for unblocking clogged pores and to drive solutions deeper into the epidermis

81
Q

Effects of positive pole of the galvanic current

A 
Produces acidic reactions 
Closes the pores
Soothes nerves
Decreased blood supply
Contracts blood vessels 
Hardens and firms tissue
82
Q

Effects of negative pole galvanic

A 
Produces alkaline reactions
Opens the pores
Stimulates and irritates the nerves
Increases blood supply
Expands blood vessels
Softens tissues
83
Q

Negative galvanic current should not be used on clients with…name 4

A

A) broken capillaries
B) pustular acne
C) high blood pressure
D) metal implants

84
Q

Describe desincrustation

A

Process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicles

85
Q

Describe cataphoresis

A

Process that forces acidic substances into deeper tissues from the positive toward the negative pole

86
Q

Describe anaphoresis

A

Process that introduces water soluble products into the skin with electric current such as the positive and negative poles of the galvanic

87
Q

Iontophoresis

A

Process that forces liquids into tissues from the negative toward the positive pole.

88
Q

What is faradic current? How is it used?

A

An alternating and uninterrupted current that produces a mechanical reaction without a chemical effect, causes visible muscular contractions

89
Q

What is the tesla high frequency current?

A

A heat producing current that requires only one electrode at a time

90
Q

Define light therapy

A

Using ultra violet rays for treating psoriasis or blue and red Rays for treating acne

91
Q

What visible light has the shortest wave length?

A

Violet

92
Q

What visible light had the longest wave length?

A

Red

93
Q

Blue light…

A

Contains few hear Rays, is the least penetrating, and has some germicidal and chemical benefits

94
Q

Red light…

A

Is used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams. It produces the most heat and penetrates the deepest

95
Q

What is the study of the structure and composition of skin tissue?

A

Histology

96
Q

What is histology?

A

the study of the structure and composition of skin tissue

97
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of functions of living organisms

98
Q

The skin is the primary component of which body system?

A

Integumentary system

99
Q

Identify 4 healthy skin characteristics

A

A) slightly moist
B) soft
C) smooth
D) somewhat acidic

100
Q

List the 6 primary functions of the skin

A 
A) protection 
B) sensation
C) heat regulation
D) excretion
E) secretion
F) absorption
101
Q

What does sebum do?

A

Helps lubricate and protect the skin

102
Q

The skin is a protective barrier to what?

A

The epidermis

103
Q

What is the protective barrier of the skin?

A

The acid mantle

104
Q

What is tewl or transepidermal water loss

A

Water loss due to evaporation on the skins surface

105
Q

What is melanin?

A

The pigment that protects us from the sun

106
Q

The oils secreted by the _________ keep the skin soft and protect it from outside elements

A

Sebaceous gland

107
Q

What is the outer most layer of skin?

A

The epidermis

108
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum germinativum

109
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis collectively called?

A

Strata (singular stratum)

110
Q

What does keratin provide?

A

Resiliency and protection

111
Q

What determines skin hair and color?

A

Melanin

112
Q

Describe the stratum lucidum

A

A clear later under the stratum corneum

113
Q

Describe stratum granulosum

A

Composed of cells that resemble granules

114
Q

Describe stratum spinosum

A

Composed of cells that resemble granules

115
Q

Describe stratum spinosum

A

A spiny layer above the basal layer of the epidermis

116
Q

What is collagen produced by?

A

Fibroblasts

117
Q

Where is melanin made?

A

The basal layer

118
Q

The excretion of sweat is controlled by

A

Sudoriferous glands

119
Q

What fluids nourish the skin?

A

Blood and lymph

120
Q

What does lymph do?

A

Bathes the skin cells, removes toxins and cellular waste, and has immune functions that help protect the skin and body against disease

121
Q

The health of skin depends on the cellular membrane and the _______

A

Water holding capacity of the stratum corneum

122
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons

123
Q

What is red or inflamed skin a sign of?

A

Free radical damage

124
Q

Describe acne

A

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and blemishes

125
Q

Describe asteatosis

A

Dry scaly skin due to sebum deficiency

126
Q

What is milia?

A

Whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible opening

127
Q

Medical term for blackhead

A

Comedone

128
Q

Medical term for whiteheads

A

Milia

129
Q

Medical term for oily skin

A

Seborriea

130
Q

A blackhead is an open ____

A

Comedone

131
Q

Asteatosis is a dry skin condition often caused by products containing ______

A

Alkallies

132
Q

An allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical is called?

A

Contact dermatitis

133
Q

Swelling is called…

A

Edema

134
Q

Redness caused by inflammation is called?

A

Erythema

135
Q

Medical term for various forms of lesions affecting the skin

A

Dermatitis

136
Q

Medical term for ingrown hairs

A

Folloculitis

137
Q

Name the two types of follicles in the skin

A

1) follicle

2) sudoriferous gland

138
Q

What is dry skin?

A

Skin that is lacking oil

139
Q

What size are the follicles of dry skin generally?

A

Small

140
Q

What is the difference between dry skin and dehydrated skin?

A

Dry skin is lacking oil, while dehydrated skin is lacking water

141
Q

Describe characteristics and pores of normal skin

A

Normal skin has small pores in the t-zone and medium everywhere else

142
Q

What products are best suited for combination skin?

A

Oil-water based

143
Q

Esthetics comes from what Greek word?

A

Aesthetikos

144
Q

Characteristics of oily skin?

A

Pore size is big

Prone to blemishes

145
Q

3 most common characteristics of sensitive skin

A

Fragile
Thin skin
Redness

146
Q

Fragile or thin skin can be the result of age or medication true or false?

A

True

Esthetician Girl (4 decks)

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