Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy - the scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure (the parts)
Physiology - scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things (how parts work together)
What are the 6 different levels of structural and functional organization?
Chemical level - interactions between atoms
Cell level - molecules that form organelles/allow cells to function
Tissue level - groups of similar cells/materials that surround them
Organ level - two or more tissue types that perform common function
Organ system level - group of organs that perform common function or set of functions (viewed as a unit)
Organism level - any living thing considered as a whole
Name the 6 characteristics of life.
Organization: specific interrelationships among parts of organism and how these parts interact
Metabolism: chemical reactions inside an organism
Responsiveness: ability to sense change and adjust
Growth: increase in size or # of cells
Development: changes in an organism over time
Reproduction: formation of new cells/organisms
What is homeostasis?
The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.
Consists of:
Variables - conditions that can change but must remain in fairly narrow range
Set Point - ideal or normal value
What are the three components of the feedback system?
Receptor: monitors the value of a variable
Control center: receives info from the receptor, establishes set point and controls effector
Effector: produces response that changes value of variable
What is the difference between a negative feedback system and a positive feedback system?
Negative feedback: any deviation from set point is made smaller or resisted (acts in opposite directions)
Positive feedback: when value deviates from normal, system responds to make deviation greater - childbirth is ONLY time this is normal.
What is caudal?
Towards the tail
What is the central region of the body comprised of?
Head, neck, trunk
What is the trunk comprised of?
Thorax, abdomen and pelvis
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen, starting from upper left?
Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region
What is a sagittal plane?
Runs vertically through the body, separating into right and left portions
What is a medial plane?
A sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing into EQUAL left and right halves.
What is a transverse (horizontal) plane?
Runs parallel to the ground, dividing body into superior and inferior portions
What is a frontal (coronal) plane?
Runs vertically from right to left and divides body into anterior and posterior parts.
What is a longitudinal organ plane?
Runs through the length of the organ - through the long axis
