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EMT-B Exam #1 > CH 5: Medical Terminology / A&P > Flashcards

CH 5: Medical Terminology / A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

Active process!
Muscles of rib cage (intercostal muscles) and diaphragm contract. Diaphragm lowers, ribs move upward and outward. Expands the size of the chest and creates NEGATIVE PRESSURE inside chest cavity.

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2
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A

Passive process!
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax. Ribs move downward and inward while diaphragm rises. Causes chest to decrease in size and creates POSITIVE PRESSURE.

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3
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood.

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4
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells.

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5
Q

What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

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6
Q

What valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Mitral valve

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7
Q

Name all of the eight major arteries.

A 
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Carotid
Femoral
Brachial
Radial
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis
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8
Q

What is blood comprised of?

A

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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9
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Makes up over half the volume of blood: watery, salty fluid that carries red and white blood cells as well as platelets.

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10
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

They carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away from tissues. Provide red color to blood.

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11
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

They destroy microorganisms (germs) and produce substances called antibodies to fight infection.

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12
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

When activated, they release chemical clotting factors needed to form blood clots.

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13
Q

What does systolic blood pressure represent?

A

Contraction of the left ventricle, pushing blood out to body.

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14
Q

What does diastolic blood pressure represent?

A

The left ventricle is relaxing and refilling. This is the remaining pressure in blood vessels.

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15
Q

What is circulation?

A

The movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels.

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16
Q

What is perfusion?

A

The supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

17
Q

What is hypoperfusion?

A

SHOCK!

Inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries.

18
Q

What is aerobic metabolism?

A

Glucose conversion in the presence of oxygen.

19
Q

What is anaerobic metabolism?

A

Glucose conversion without oxygen. Produces less energy and more waste - lactic acid.

20
Q

What does perfusion depend on?

A 
Air reaching the alveoli/lungs.
Air matched up with sufficient supply of blood.
Heart pumps effectively.
Must be sufficient oxygen in air.
Capability to carry oxygen in blood.
21
Q

What does the nervous system consist of?

A

Brain, spinal cord and nervous tissue.

22
Q

What is the central nervous system comprised of?

A

Brain and spinal cord.

23
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system comprised of?

A

Two types of nerves: sensory and motor

24
Q

What are sensory nerves?

A

Body –> Brain

25
Q

What are motor nerves?

A

Brain –> Body

26
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Acidic gastric juices break down food into components so the body can convert these to energy.

27
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Receives food from stomach and breaks down for absorption. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through the walls of small intestine.

28
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

29
Q

What does the large intestine (colon) do?

A

Removes water from waste products as they move toward elimination from body. Anything not absorbed? Feces.

30
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produces bile - excreted into small intestine to assist in breakdown of fats.
Detoxifies harmful substances
Stores sugar
Assists in production of blood products

31
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Storage system for bile from the liver

32
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Produces the hormone insulin. Also secretes juices that assist in breaking down proteins, carbs and fat.

33
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Acts as blood filtration system. Filters out older blood cells.

34
Q

What does the appendix do?

A

Not sure! Made of lymphatic tissue, between sm and lg intestine. Causes pain.

EMT-B Exam #1 (20 decks)

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