Health Behaviours

Question 1

Health promotion

Answer 1

Enabling people to increase control over and improve their own health

Question 2

Health behaiours

Answer 2

Undertaken by people to enhance or maintain health

Question 3

Health habit

Answer 3

Firmly established health related behaviours that are performed automatically

Question 4

7 important health habits

Answer 4

Sleep 7-8 hours
No smoking
Eat breakfast
No more than 2 alcoholic beverages
Exercise
No snacking
No more than 10% overweight

Question 5

Mortality rates after 10 years- 3 habits vs. 7

Answer 5

Age 55- 65— 40% vs 10%

Age 75+— 90% vs 50%

Question 6

Primary prevention

Answer 6

Instilling good health habits and changing poor ones

Question 7

2 approaches to primary prevention

Answer 7

Eliminate behaviors after they begin but before damage

Prevent unhealthy lifestyle before it begins

Question 8

3 biggest risk factors

Answer 8

Smoking
Inactivity
Poor diet

Question 9

Money spent on healthcare in 2010

Answer 9

191.6 billion

Question 10

2 biological barriers

Answer 10

Physical addictions

Genetic contributions

Question 11

6 psychological barriers

Answer 11

Unhealthy behaviours are pleasurable
Healthy behaviours are hard to do
Unhealthy behaviours are too easy to do
No immediate incentive to be healthy
Negative consequences are not immediate
Medical interventions will cure illness when it strikes

Question 12

False consensus bias

Answer 12

Overestimate the number of other people who engage in unhealthy behaviours

Question 13

False uniqueness bias

Answer 13

See self as less similar to average person who becomes ill

Question 14

Unrealistic optimism bias

Answer 14

Believe that they are less likely to become ill

Question 15

5 social barriers

Answer 15

Family
Peers
Media
Economics
Healthcare system

Question 16

Socialization

Answer 16

Influence of parents and role models on the health habits of children

Question 17

Teachable moment

Answer 17

Certain times are better for teaching particular health practices

Question 18

3 benefits of at risk intervention

Answer 18

Early identification may prevent or eliminate poor health habits
Efficient and effective use of health promo dollars
Help identify other risk factors

Question 19

Educational Appeals

Answer 19

Assume that people will change if they have the correct information

Question 20

Fear Appeals

Answer 20

Assume that people will change to reduce fear of ill health

Question 21

Curvilinear Relation

Answer 21

Fear increases persuasion to a point

Question 22

Self protection

Answer 22

Discount likelihood of threat when fear is high

Question 23

Defensive avoidance

Answer 23

Avoid thinking about threat

Question 24

3 components of protection motivation

Answer 24

Severity of health threat
Vulnerability to threat
Response efficacy

Question 25

Response efficacy

Answer 25

Belief that something can be done to reduce threat

Question 26

Prospect theory

Answer 26

Different presentations of risk will change peoples perceptions and actions

Question 27

Loss framed

Answer 27

For high risk– emphasize potential problems

Question 28

Gain framed

Answer 28

For low risk– Emphasize benefits

Question 29

Social cognitive models

Answer 29

Beliefs people hold about a health behaviour motivate their decision to change

Question 30

Expectancy value theory

Answer 30

Choose to do behaviour when they expect to succeed and value the outcome

Question 31

2 factors of the health belief model

Answer 31

Person percieves a personal health threat

Person believes health practice will reduce threat

Question 32

3 factors of percieved health

Answer 32

General health values
Perceived suceptiibility
Perceived severity

Question 33

2 factors of threat reduction

Answer 33

Efficacy

Perceived barriers

Question 34

Cues to action

Answer 34

Things that activate readiness and stimulate behaviour

Question 35

Theory of planned behaviour

Answer 35

Link health attitudes to behavioural intentions

Question 36

3 factors of theory of planned behaviour

Answer 36

Behavioural intention
Subjective norms
Perceived beavioural control

Question 37

2 components of behavioural intention

Answer 37

Outcome beliefs

Outcome evaluations

Question 38

Normative beliefs

Answer 38

What important people in your life think you should do