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RUSVM Pathology II > Pathology II Exam I Material > Flashcards

Pathology II Exam I Material Flashcards

1
Q

You have a young piglet with diarrhea. Upon histological examination of the intestines, you notice severe villous atrophy (blunting) and fusion.

What should be at the top of your differential list?

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)

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2
Q

T/F: Palatoschisis is failure of fusion of the lip

A

False

Palatoschisis** is failure of fusion of the palatine shelves.**

Cheiloschisis is failure of fusion of the lip

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3
Q

What is this condition called?

A

Palatoschisis (“cleft palate”)

In palatoschisis there is a central
defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity

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3
Q

Which virus is responsible for Vesicular Exanthema of Swine?

A

Calicivirus

Vesicular exanthema of swine is reportable

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3
Q

“Calf Diphtheria” is usually the end-stage of stomatitis complicated by infection with which bacterial organism?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum is a Gram-negative anaerobe that produces necrotizing toxins

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4
Q

Etiology?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

This is oral necrobacillosis, aka “Calf Diphtheria”

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5
Q

T/F: Vesicular Stomatitis occurs in ruminants, swine, and equines

A

True

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5
Q

What is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity of cats?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

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5
Q

Out of all of the species affected by Foot and Mouth, which species has the most severe lesions?

A

Pigs

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5
Q

Tumors of the periodontal ligament-type stroma are referred to as:

A

Epulis

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5
Q

This abnormality is most common in large deep-chested breeds of dogs

A

Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (GDV)

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5
Q

This proliferative ileitis in a pig is caused by:

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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6
Q

When trimming tissue for histopathologic examination, what is the ideal thickness of the tissue?

A

~3mm

**or less than the thickness of the cassette

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7
Q

Which organism is responsible for Thrush?

A

Candida albicans

often observed in young animals treated with antibiotics for long periods of time, or animals with underlying debilitating diseases

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8
Q

________________ (pictured) is a potential sequela of salmonellosis

A

Embolic mycotic pneumonia

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8
Q

In sheep and cattle: if you see emphysema of the wall of the stomach with severe hemorrhage of the mucosa, what might you be thinking?

A

Braxy

Braxy is caused by infection with Clostridium septicum

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8
Q

Name the toxin produced by E. coli that causes endothelial cell injury in arterioles resulting in fluid loss and edema:

A

**Verotoxin **(or Shiga-like toxin)

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9
Q

Shortening of the lower jaw is referred to as:

A

Brachygnathia

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9
Q

This inflammation in cows is commonly a result of grain overload:

A

Chemical rumenitis

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11
Q

What is this and what is it indicative of?

A

Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon

Indicative of Actinobacillus ligniersii

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13
Q

T/F: Oral melanomas are most common in dogs, but around 90% of oral melanomas are benign

A

False.

Oral melanomas are most common in dogs, but ~90% of oral melanomas in dogs are malignant

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14
Q

In dogs, where do we find the primary lesions associated with parvovirus enteritis?

What about in cats?

A

Dogs: main lesions are in the intestines

Cats: main lesions are in the bone marrow

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15
Q

What is the most common segmental anomaly of the intestine of domestic animals?

A

Atresia coli

Atresia is complete occlusion.obliteration of the intestinal lumen

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17
Q

This pyogranulomatous colic lymphadenitis in a foal is caused by which organism?

A

Rhodococcus equi

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18
Q

What is going on with this FeLV-positive cat?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis, stomatitis

If you look at the inflammatory infiltrate, it is mostly comprised of lymphocytes. Additionally, this condition is often associated with FeLV or FIV

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19
Q

What is going on with this cat?

A

Rodent Ulcer, or Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma

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20
Q

What is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity of dogs?

A

Oral melanoma

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21
Q

Braxy is caused by which organism?

A

Clostridium septicum

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22
Q

The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ/tissue through an abnormal opening is known as:

A

Hernia

23
Q

A central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity is known as:

A

palatoschisis

23
Q

Peyer’s Patch necrosis in cattle is most often associated with which disease?

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) - Mucosal Form

Peyer’s patch necrosis is seen with the most severe form of the disease (mucosal disease)

24
Q

The most reliable post-mortem indicator of ante-mortem bloat in cattle is:

A

bloat line

25
Q

These crater ulcers, found in the colon of a foal, are indicative of:

A

Rhodococcus equi

26
Q

This fibro-necrotizing enterocolitis in a horse is most likely caused by:

A

Salmonella

28
Q

What’s going on in this older dog?

A

Chronic ulcerative (lymphoplasmacytic) paradental stomatitis

29
Q

This endothelial cell injury in arterioles that led to fluid loss and edema is a result of which bacterial organism?

A

E. coli

This is enterotoxemic colibacillosis, most common in pigs a few weeks after weaning

31
Q

Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication is referred to as:

A

Dental attrition

31
Q

T/F: Cutaneous mast-cell tumors in dogs may lead to gastric ulceration

A

True

It’s true

32
Q

What is going on with this pig?

A

Vesicular exanthema (calicivirus)

33
Q

Congenital megaesophagus is most commonly a result of:

A

Persistent Right Aortic Arch (PRAA)
(right 4th aortic arch) aorta, pulmonary artery, and ductus arteriosus form a ring around trachea and esophagus preventing full dilation

34
Q

T/F: This nasty rectal stricture in a pig could be the result of infection by Salmonella

A

True

This rectal stricture was seen in a pig with chronic salmonellosis (Salmonella typhimurium)

36
Q

T/F: Megaesophagus can be acquired

A

True

Megaesophagus is most commonly acquired in dogs. It can be idiopathic or a manifestation of myasthenia gravis

36
Q

Clostridial enterotoxemia is caused by:

A

Clostridium perfringens types A through E

Type D is most common. C. perfringens type D produces an angiotoxin (epsilon toxin) which in addition to intestinal lesions causes focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE) in sheep.

37
Q

T/F: Foot and Mouth Disease occurs in ruminants, swine, and equines

A

False

FMD occurs in ruminants and pigs, but not horses!

38
Q

In which layer of epidermis will we observe ballooning degeneration associated with vesicular stomatitis?

A

Stratum spinosum

40
Q

What is the most common neoplasm in cats?

A

Lymphosarcoma

LSA is the most common neoplasm in cats and the alimentary form of lymphosarcoma has the highest incidence in cats

41
Q

What is the etiology of this condition in a cat?

A

Feline calicivirus

41
Q

Most likely diagnosis in this cat?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

43
Q

If somebody said “damn, that cow is fat,” your response to them would be “no, that’s not fat. That cow has ____________”

A

Ruminal tympany or bloat

Over-distention of the rumen and reticulum by gases produced during fermentation

44
Q

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis is also known as:

A

Hardware Disease

45
Q

In which type of abosmasal displacement do we observe higher mortality: Right-sided or left-sided?

A

Right-sided

Left-sided abomasal displacement is more common, but right-sided displacement is more fatal

47
Q

These button ulcers in the intestine of a pig are indicative of:

A

Salmonellosis

48
Q

By which virus is Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE) caused?

A

Coronavirus

49
Q

Which parasite is known as the “barber pole worm?”

What is the biggest distinguishing factor for an animal infected with the barber-pole worm?

A

Haemonchus contortus

Haemonchus contortus feeds on blood and can cause anemia, hypoproteinemia, and bottle jaw

51
Q

Protrusion of the lower jaw is referred to as:

A

Prognathia

52
Q

What is this condition called?

A

Cheiloschisis

53
Q

What is the most common gastric tumor of horses?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

**SCC is also the most common oral cavity tumor of cats**

54
Q

Swine Dysentery is caused by:

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

The disease affects mainly pigs 8-14 weeks old and is characterized by large bowel diarrhea with mucous and blood in the feces

56
Q

What is going on with this dog? At what age are dogs typically most affected?

A

Canine oral papillomatosis

Usually affects animals younger than 1 year old

57
Q

Myocardial necrosis, or Tiger Heart, is associated with which disease?

A

Foot and Mouth Disease

59
Q

Etiology in a cow?

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

61
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for “Wooden Tongue” in cattle?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

63
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis in this cat?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

64
Q

What is the minimum formalin to tissue ratio for fixation of a sample?

A

10:1

65
Q

Parvovirus enteritis in cats is caused by which virus?

A

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

Main lesions are found in the bone marrow, but you may see lesions in the intestines as well

66
Q

Abdominal displacement in dairy cows occurs most often when?

A

After parturition

67
Q

Edema disease in pigs is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

E. Coli

68
Q

This chronic (granulomatous) esophagitis in a dog was most likely caused by:

A

Spirocerca lupi

Chronic (granulomatous) esophagitis occasionally leads to neoplastic transformation; formation of sarcomatous lesions (mainly osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma)

69
Q

What is the etiological agent for **Contagious Echtyma **in sheep?

A

Parapoxvirus

**this is a zoonotic disease**

70
Q

Most cases of gastric rupture in horses are due to:

A

Intestinal obstructions

leading to adynamic ileus

71
Q

Vesicles in the oral cavity of felines are often the result of what type of viral infection?

A

Calicivirus

72
Q

This is commonly seen in pigs that are fed finely-ground feed rations:

A

Gastric Ulceration

RUSVM Pathology II (5 decks)

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