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Biology 172 - Final > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

deductive reasoning

A

Predicting a specific result from general principles.

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2
Q

inductive reasoning

A

Inferring general principles from specific observations.

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3
Q

When might a scientific theory be modified?

A

When new information is discovered

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4
Q

Parts of the Cell Theory

A
  • Cells are the basic unit of life
  • All livingthings are made up of one or more cells
  • All cells come from other cells
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5
Q

The resolution of a microscope is defined as

A

the ability to distinguish two points as being separate

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6
Q

Viruses like Ebola can cause serious diseases in living organism, however, viruses are not made up of cells. What can you conclude from this statement?

A

Viruses are not alive

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7
Q

All cells contain DNA. What role does DNA play in the life of a cell?

A
  • Evolution
  • Reproduction
  • Information
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8
Q

What so ALL cells have?

A
  • All cells contain cytoplasm
  • All cells have a plasma membrane
  • All cells have ribosomes
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9
Q

What is something a prokaryotic cell has that a eukaryotic cell does not?

A

Nucleoid

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cell possess what traits?

A
  • Compartmentalization - Membrane-bound organelles
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11
Q

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

A

Mitochondria and chloioplasts have their own DNA

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12
Q

The “proto-cell” that was involved in endosymbiosis must have already had what?

A
  • A plasma membrane - A nuclear envelope (membrane) - Ribosomes - Protein
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13
Q

Which number in the images below corresponds to mitochondria?

A

1

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14
Q

Which number in the images below is associated with ribosomes?

A

3 & 4

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15
Q

Which cellular organelles are made up of more than one membrane?

A
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • chloroplast
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16
Q

The organelle labeled “2” is very acidic. Which organelle is it?

A

The lysosome

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17
Q

The three domains of life are:

A

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

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18
Q

Peroxisomes detoxify poisonous substances such as ethanol. Prokaryotes do not have peroxisomes. Predict how prokaryotes are able to survive exposure to ethanol.

A

Prokaryotes have enzymes in their cytoplasm that detoxify ethanol

19
Q

In which of these environments would you expect to find living prokaryotes?

A
  • Deep-sea vents
  • Geysers and hot springs
  • Inside salt crystals
  • Desert soil
20
Q

How did photosynthetic prokaryotes radically change the earths atmosphere?

A

They contributed large amounts of the waste product of photosynthesis, 02

21
Q

Huntington’s disease is a fatal, degenerative brain disorder in humans for which there is no known treatment. It is caused by mutation in the single gene. Half of the children of a Huntington’s patient will also have a condition. Symptoms do not appear until middle age. What characteristic of this disease has likely kept natural selection from eliminating it from the human population?

A

People reproduce before the onset of symptoms

22
Q

Which group of organisms in the simple diagram of the carbon cycle are probably photoautotroph’s?

A

Primary producers

23
Q

phototrophs

A

Gain energy from the light

24
Q

Autotroph

A

Gain carbon from CO2

25
Q

What would you call organism that uses sugar (an organic molecule) to make ATP and gains carbon from the atmosphere?

A

A chemoorgano-autotroph

26
Q

What did the Urey-Miller experiment show?

A

Amino acids and other complex organic molecules could form on Earth

27
Q

What determines the difference between atomic elements?

A

The number of protons

28
Q

____ atoms of element 1 can form a ____ bond with element 2.

A

Four; nonpolar covalent

29
Q

A cation is an atom that has:

A

lost a valence electron

30
Q

Whatg is correct about electronegativity?

A
  • Electrons are attracted to largei atomic nuclei
  • Polar covalent bonds occur because of it
31
Q

A hydrogen bond is formed -

A

When a hydrogen with a particle positive charge interacts with an atom with a partial negative charge

32
Q

Whatwould have to happen in order for a polar covalent bond to form?

A

One atom would have to share electrons unequally with another atom

33
Q

Most biological organisms function in a pH range of

A

pH 6-8

34
Q

Complete the following sentence: A reaction that releases energy so the produits have less energy than the reactants is called -

A

an exergonic reaction

35
Q

The part of this molecule shown in the grey box is a -

A

R group

36
Q

Which of the following is a true statement about this molecule based only on the region shown in the grey box.

A

The molecule is hydrophobic and will not form hydrogen bonds in water

37
Q

Where would you expect to find this amino acid in a folded protein?

A

Hidden deep inside the protein

38
Q

The primary level of proteln folding is stabilized by -

A

peptide bonds

39
Q

Which level of protein structure is influenced by the order of amino acids?

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
40
Q

What is the highest level of protein structure represented in the diagram labeled A?

A

Tertiary

41
Q

Van der Waals interactions are indicated by which letter in diagram A?

A

D

42
Q

What levels of protein structure do you observe

in the diagram labeled B?

A
  • primary
  • tertiary
  • quarternary
43
Q

What type bond is important for secondary structure

A

Hydrogen bonds along the backbone

Biology 172 - Final (3 decks)

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