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OB/GYN Section 3 > final review from quizlet > Flashcards

final review from quizlet Flashcards

1
Q

What is the physiologic status of prepuberty

A

c. Premenarche

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2
Q

Which one of the following arteries sheds blood during menses

A

b. Spiral

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3
Q

Which one of the following muscle groups may be seen in the false pelvis along the lateral sidewall of the pelvis

A

b. Iliopsoas

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4
Q

Which one of the following ligaments contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves

A

a. Broad

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5
Q

Which one of the following ligaments occupies the space between the layers of another ligament and occurs in front and below the fallopian tubes

A

c. Round

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6
Q

Bending forward of the fundus and body of the uterus toward the cervix is called which one of the following positions

A

b. Anteversion

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7
Q

The normal size of the menarchal uterus should measure ___ cm long and ___ cm wide

A

c. 8;4

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8
Q

The superficial layer of glands and stroma of the endometrium is called which one of the following

A

b. Zona functionalis

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9
Q

The ovary produces two hormones, Estrogen is secreted by ___, whereas progesterone is secreted by the ____

A

a. Follicles; corpus luteum

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10
Q

The release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is termed which one of the following

A

c. Ovulation

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11
Q

The vagina has two sources of blood supply; they are the

A

b. Uterine artery and vaginal artery

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12
Q

The ovaries are laterally supported by which one of the following ligaments

A

d. Suspensory

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13
Q

A mature follicle is known as a ___ follicle

A

b. Graafian

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14
Q

A mature follicle typically measures ___ cm right before ovulation

A

c. 2

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15
Q

The endometrium demonstrates the “three-line” sign in which one of the following phases

A

b. Proliferative

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16
Q

The retrouterine space is also known as which one of the following

A

c. Posterior cul-de-sac

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17
Q

The pelvic recess between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis is which one of the following

A

d. Space of Retzius

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18
Q

Abnormally heavy or long menses is termed

A

b. Menorrhagia

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19
Q

Depending on the menstrual cycle, the inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound is which one of the following structures

A

d. Endometrium

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20
Q

Menarche may be defined as which one of the following

A

a. The state after reaching puberty during which menses occur every 21 to 28 days

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21
Q

The Doppler measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak is which one of the following

A

c. Porcelot resistive index

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22
Q

Which one of the following are small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus

A

b. Arcuate vessels

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23
Q

The Doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean over one cardiac cycle is the _____ index

A

a. Pulsatility

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24
Q

The endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement in which one of the following phases

A

d. Luteal

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25
Q

The difference between the peak systole and the peak diastole is the ___ ration

A

b. S/D ration

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26
Q

Which one of the following techniques uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity with the insertion f the saline or contrast media to fill the endometrial cavity to demonstrate abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tube

A

c. Sonohysterography

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27
Q

To image the fundus of the uterus with transvaginal sonography, the transducer should be angled so that the handle is positioned as described in which one of the following

A

a. Closer to the bed

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28
Q

With endovaginal sonography, the cervix of an anteverted uterus is seen in the ___ of the screen, whereas the fundus of the anteverted uterus is found in the ___ of the screen

A

d. Right side; left side

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29
Q

The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in which one of the following planes

A

b. Longitudinal

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30
Q

The transvaginal transducer should be soaked in disinfectant between uses for a minimum of ____

A

b. 10 to 20 minutes

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31
Q

Symmetrical bilateral pelvic masses are likely to be which one of the following

A

c. Pelvic muscles

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32
Q

The middle layer of the uterus is which one of the following

A

d. Myometrium

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33
Q

The thin outer layer of the uterus is separated from the immediate layer by which one of the following

A

c. Arcuate vessels

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34
Q

Flexion refers to the axis of the uterine body relative to the ____

A

c. Arcuate vessels

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35
Q

In transvaginal scanning, the scanning plane that is 90 degrees from the sagittal plane is the ___ plane

A

d. Coronal

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36
Q

Nabothian cysts are found near which one of the following anatomic structures

A

c. Endocervical canal

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37
Q

Arcuate artery calcifications are observed in patients who are ____

A

c. Postmenopausal

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38
Q

Which one of the following techniques is the best way to measure the cervical-fundal dimension of the uterus

A

c. Transabdominal

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39
Q

Sonohysterography is usually performed on premenopausal women between days ___ of the menstrual cycle

A

b. 6 and 10

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40
Q

Limitations of translabial scanning may be overcome by which one of the following

A

c. Elevating the patient’s hips

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41
Q

After the transducer has been soaked in a Cidex-type solution, which one of the following is an important step to ensure safe handling

A

b. Check the transducer face for damage

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42
Q

Which one of the following ligaments provides support to the cervix

A

b. Cardinal

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43
Q

The clinical signs of a 32-year-old woman with an enlarged uterus on physical examination and a history of cyclic profuse and prolonged bleeding with increasing pain most likely represent which one of the following

A

b. Leiomyoma

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44
Q

Which one f the following is the most common site for a leiomyoma to occur

A

d. Intramural

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45
Q

Complications in deliver may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located in or near which one of the following structures

A

c. Near the cervix

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46
Q

Hydrometra appears sonographically as a(n) _____

A

c. Sonolucent fluid collection in the uterine canal

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47
Q

A benign invasion of the endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as which one of the following conditions

A

c. Adenomyosis

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48
Q

Which one of the following conditions is described as a hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix that may be broad based or Pedunculated

A

c. Cervical polyps

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49
Q

Which one of the following sonographic characteristics is the most common finding in endometrial carcinoma

A

b. Abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, usually with irregular bleeding in Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

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50
Q

A small percentage of leiomyomas are located in which one of the following structures

A

d. Cervix

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51
Q

Which one of the following is most likely the result of an acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal

A

c. Cervical stenosis

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52
Q

The size and shape of the normal uterus are related to all of the following except

A

a. Family history

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53
Q

Which one of the following locations of a fibroid will most likely cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding

A

b. Submucosal

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54
Q

The most common cause of uterine calcification is which one of the following

A

d. Myomas

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55
Q

On ultrasound, the characteristic appearance of a degenerating leiomyoma is ___

A

b. Heterogeneous

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56
Q

Which one of the following statements about Adenomyosis is false

A

a. Elevated progesterone levels may promote the growth of myometrial islands of endometrium

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57
Q

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

A

c. Involves the myometrium

58
Q

The endometrium should be measured from ___ layer to ___ layer

A

b. Hyperechoic; hyperechoic

59
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia develops form which one of the following

A

a. Unopposed estrogen stimulation

60
Q

A 3-day postpartum woman complains of intense pelvic pain. Sonographically the uterus appears hypoechoic with an irregular endometrium. This condition most likely represents which one of the following

A

c. Endometritis

61
Q

In postmenopausal patients, an endometrial thickness of less than ___ mm reliably excludes an endometrial abnormality

A

b. 5

62
Q

Only ___% of women with postmenopausal bleeding have endometrial carcinoma

A

a. 10

63
Q

Patients on Tamoxifen therapy have an increased risk of which one of the following reactions

A

a. Endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial poly, endometrial carcinoma

64
Q

A 28-year-old woman reports left lower quadrant pain, her last menstrual period was 2 weeks earlier. Sonographically the uterine body displays a highly echogenic structure in the endometrial cavity. This appearance most likely represents which one of the following conditions

A

c. Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)

65
Q

Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as which one of the following

A

b. Metrorrhea

66
Q

In which of the following structures might a Gartner’s duct cyst be found

A

d. Vagina

67
Q

In a patient after a hysterectomy, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed ___ cm

A

b. 2

68
Q

Theca-lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which one of the following hormones

A

d. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

69
Q

A hypoechoic mass adjacent to the ovary is most likely which one of the following masses

A

b. Endometrioma

70
Q

A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is which one of the following masses

A

d. Dermoid

71
Q

The Dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following ultrasound signs

A

c. Tip of the iceberg

72
Q

Which one of the following cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active although immature

A

c. Follicular

73
Q

The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is which one of the following cysts

A

a. Corpus luteal

74
Q

A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except

A

d. Thick with irregular walls and septations

75
Q

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of ____ years

A

c. 40

76
Q

Which one of the following pelvic organs is more commonly involved with metastatic disease

A

b. Ovaries

77
Q

The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearances

A

b. Homogeneous echotexture

78
Q

Simple ovarian cysts in the postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than ___ cm

A

c. 5

79
Q

Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except

A

c. Posterior shadowing

80
Q

An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is ___ the size of the contralateral ovary

A

b. Twice

81
Q

Which one of the following statements about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is false

A

c. PCOS occurs in the middle-to-late 30s

82
Q

In PCOS the ovaries have which one of the following shapes

A

a. Rounded

83
Q

Paraovarian cysts arise from which one of the following structures

A

d. Broad ligament

84
Q

A specific diagnosis of a Paraovarian cyst is possible only by

A

b. Demonstrating an ipsilateral ovary separate from the cyst

85
Q

Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage II is limited to which one of the following

A

a. Pelvis

86
Q

The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses

A

c. Dermoid

87
Q

Which one of the following masses is a rare but benign ovarian neoplasm most often seen in postmenopausal women

A

b. Thecoma

88
Q

Functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in which one of the following common conditions

A

b. Endometriosis

89
Q

The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following

A

d. Ovarian torsion

90
Q

Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false

A

d. The left ovary is three times more likely to develop torsion that the right

91
Q

Which one of the following pelvic organs is more involved with metastatic disease

A

c. Ovary

92
Q

Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic anovulation

A

a. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

93
Q

An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called which one of the following conditions

A

b. Tubo-ovarian abscess

94
Q

Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following except

A

b. Single sexual partner

95
Q

Which one of the following statements about PID is false

A

d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy

96
Q

d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy

A

d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy

97
Q

Which one of the following statements about the fallopian tube is false

A

c. The tube is best seen transabdominally

98
Q

Early in the disease the clinical presentation of both PID and endometriosis may mimic which one of the following

A

c. Functional bowel disease

99
Q

PID is an inclusive term that refers to all of the following pelvic infections except

A

b. Endometriosis

100
Q

Which one of the following is the most common cause of PID

A

b. Sexually transmitted diseases

101
Q

Fusion of the inflamed dilated tube and ovary is called which one of the following

A

d. Tubo-ovarian complex

102
Q

Which one of the following is an infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments

A

b. Parametritis

103
Q

The differential considerations of a solid-appearing adnexal mass include all of the following except

A

c. Hydrosalpinx

104
Q

The differential considerations of PID may include all of the following except

A

c. Serous cystadenoma

105
Q

Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except

A

b. Endometriosis

106
Q

Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins describe which one of the following conditions

A

a. Peri-ovarian inflammation

107
Q

Sexually transmitted PID is spread via which one of the following

A

b. Mucosa

108
Q

A complex adnexal mass most likely represents which one of the following

A

d. Pyosalpinx

109
Q

Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ____ syndrome

A

b. Fritz-Hugh-Curtis

110
Q

An asymptomatic 32-year-old woman is diagnosed with a left adnexal mass on physical examination. A history of PID has been reported. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic tubular structure in the left lower quadrant. This finding most likely represents which one of the following

A

b. Hydrosalpinx

111
Q

A 24-year-old woman has a fever, vaginal discharge, and intense pelvic pain. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a complex multiloculated irregular mass in the pouch of Douglas. This clinical presentation most likely represents which one of the following

A

b. A tuboovarian abscess

112
Q

A 25-year-old woman complains of painful menstrual cycles and infertility. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a hypoechoic well-defined adnexal mass. Normal ovaries are seen bilaterally. This sonographic appearance most likely represents which one of the following

A

c. Endometrioma

113
Q

Which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false

A

b. Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography

114
Q

Inflammation of the serious membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is which one of the following

A

c. Peritonitis

115
Q

A pelvic abscess will likely appear as which one of the following

A

a. Complex cul-de-sac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy

116
Q

Which one of the following statements about infertility is false

A

b. Infertility affects one in three couples in the US

117
Q

When evaluating the patient who is infertile, in addition to assessing structural anatomy, the sonographer should evaluate the

A

a. Endometrium

118
Q

The uterine anomaly most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is a ___ uterus

A

a. Septate

119
Q

The triple-line sign is associated with which one of the following structures

A

c. Endometrium

120
Q

The fallopian tubes are evaluated by a sonographic and saline examination to determine which one of the following characteristics

A

b. Patency

121
Q

A dominant follicle grows at a rate of ___ to ___ mm per day (mm/day)

A

d. 1;3

122
Q

Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome may have the clinical triad of all the following characteristics except

A

c. Bulimia

123
Q

Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all of the following except

A

c. Cervical stenosis

124
Q

After ovulation, progesterone is secreted by which one of the following

A

c. Corpus luteum

125
Q

Endometrial thickness of at least ___ mm is necessary for achieving pregnancy

A

b. 6

126
Q

Lack of progesterone production is known as which one of the following

A

b. Luteal phase deficiency

127
Q

The T-shaped uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by which one of the following

A

a. In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)

128
Q

In the luteal phase, the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from an inadequate level of which of the following

A

b. Progesterone

129
Q

Which one of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometrium with a vascular pedicle feeding it

A

a. Endometrial polyp

130
Q

A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes which one of the following

A

c. Uterine synechiae

131
Q

A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness between 2 to 3 mm and ____ mm

A

c. 12 to 14

132
Q

Producing more luteinizing hormone (LH) than follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) results in which one of the following conditions

A

c. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

133
Q

Which one of the following us used as a substitute for luteinizing hormone (LH) to trigger ovulation

A

d. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

134
Q

Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion

A

c. Ovarian hyperstimulation

135
Q

Ovarian induction therapy requires documentation of all follicles greater than ___ mm in both longitudinal and transverse planes

A

b. 10

136
Q

Which one of the following hormones and follicle size determine the approximate time of ovulation

A

d. Estradiol

137
Q

During in vitro fertilization, the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to be within 2 cm of the apex of which one of the following structures

A

c. Uterine fundus

138
Q

Multiple gestations occur in approximately ___% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies

A

b. 30

139
Q

Patients who undergo assisted reproduction procedures have an increased risk factor for a(n) ___ pregnancy

A

b. Heterotopic

140
Q

On a baseline pelvic ultrasound, an ovarian cyst greater than ___ mm could interfere with ovarian stimulation

A

d. 15

OB/GYN Section 3 (11 decks)

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