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Light Arms > MG Employment > Flashcards

MG Employment Flashcards

0
Q

What are the classes of fire?

A

Respect to the ground

Respect to the weapon

Respect to the target

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of fire?

A 
Trajectory
Maximum Ordinate
Cone of Fire
Beaten zone
Danger Space
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2
Q

What is trajectory?

A

The path of the fired round in flight to the target

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3
Q

What is the maximum ordinate?

A

The highest point of the trajectory between the the muzzle of the weapon and the base of the target.

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4
Q

When does the max ordinate occur in the trajectory?

A

About 2/3 of the distance between the muzzle of the weapon and the target

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5
Q

Explain cone of fire…

A

Each round fired in a burst from the same weapon has a slightly different trajectory. The pattern these rounds create on the way to the target is the cone of fire.

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6
Q

How is the cone of fire created?

A

By vibrations of the gun, variations of ammo, and atmospheric conditions.

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7
Q

What are the two ways to determine round impact?

A

The beaten zone

Tracer rounds

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8
Q

What is danger space?

A

Space between gun and target where trajectory rises less than 1.8 m(average height of man) from the ground.

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9
Q

What are the two types of fire in respect to the ground?

A

Grazing fire

Plunging fire

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10
Q

What is grazing fire?

A

Occurs when the center of the cone of fire rises less than 1 m off the ground

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11
Q

What is plunging fire?

A

Occurs when the Danger space is within beaten zone. Occurs at longer ranges when firing from high ground onto low ground and when firing into abruptly rising ground

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12
Q

What are the 6 classes of fire in respect to the weapon?

A 
Fixed
Traversing fire
Searching fire
Traversing and searching fire
Swinging traverse
Free gun
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13
Q

Define fixed

A

Delivered against point target when depth and width of the beaten zone covers the target. Only one point of aim needed to provide target coverage.

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14
Q

Define traversing fire

A

Fire distributed in WIDTH with successive changes in direction. The gunner selects several aiming points throughout the width of the target that are close enough to provide coverage without wasting ammo.

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15
Q

Define searching fire

A

Fire distributed in DEPTH by changes in elevation. Gunner selects several points of aim. Changes to aim points depend on range/slope of ground.

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16
Q

Define traversing and searching fire

A

Fire distributed in WIDTH and DEPTH by making changes in elevation and direction. Provides good coverage of target.

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17
Q

Define swinging traverse

A

Wider distance covered with distribution of fire laterally. No changes in elevation or range. Targets usually have great width.

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18
Q

Define Free gun

A

Fire distributed against a target that requires rapid major changes in direction or elevation that is difficult with the T&E.

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19
Q

What are the 4 types of fire in respect to the target?

A

Frontal fire
Flanking fire
Oblique fire
Enfilade fire

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20
Q

Define frontal fire

A

Occurs when long axis of target is at right angle to the front of the target or inline with the front of the target.

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21
Q

Define Flanking fire

A

Occurs when long axis of the beaten zone is at rt angle to front of target or inline with front of the target

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22
Q

Define oblique fire

A

When the long axis of the beaten zone is at any angle other than a right angle or inline with the front of the target.

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23
Q

Define enfilade fire

A

Occurs when long axis of beaten zone coincides with the long axis of the target. Either frontal or flanking

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24
Q

What class of fire in respect to the weapon is used for point targets

A

Fixed

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25
Q

Class of fire in respect to the weapon for area targets(or linear with depth)?

A

Aim center mass and traverse and search to either flank and then reverses to other flank

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26
Q

Target engagement for linear targets?

A

Initial point of aim is midpoint, use traversing fire

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27
Q

Target engagement for deep targets?

A

Searching fire; midpoint initial aiming point

28
Q

How do gunners work as pairs?

A

When engaging targets each gunner fires on his half of the target. They then divide each respective half into 2 sections. Using midpoint references in each section, both gunners distribute fire by applying direction/elevation changes for best coverage, working their way from the middle of their respective section out to the left/right limit of target, and then back inward. Rapid rate of fire after fire superiority is gained.

29
Q

What is the purpose for “talking guns?”

A

By default it gives a sitrep on friendlies, conserves ammo

30
Q

What are the keys to overhead fires?

A

Coordination
Communication
Situational awareness

31
Q

What gun configuration is required for overhead fires?

A

Must be delivered from tripod or vehicle mount using a T&E

32
Q

Explain the gunners rule

A
  • Applied when friendlies are at least 350 m in front of gun and range to target is 850m or less
  • Set gun, and put rear sight to proper range
  • Without disturbing lay of gun, set rear sight to 1600 m
  • Look through sight and notice where new new line of aim strikes the ground: this is the limit of troop safety. When friendly feet reach this point, fires must be shifted or lifted.
33
Q

What are some safety measures for overhead fires?

A
  • Securely emplace tripods
  • Use field expedient stops to avoid barrel dipping
  • avoid overhead obstacles
  • ensure whole crew knows safety limits
  • use good reliable barrels
34
Q

Define defilade position

A

When a gunner and his crew are completely masked by terrain

35
Q

What does a defilade position require?

A

An observer to rear of position along target line

36
Q

What are the methods of fire control?

A 
Verbal
Hand and arm signals
Prearranged signals
Personal contact
Range cards 
SOPs
37
Q

What are the 6 elements of fire commands?

A 
Alert
Direction
Description
Range
Method of fire
Command to fire
38
Q

What are the 8 principles of MG Employment?

A 
Pairs
Interlocking fires
Coordinating fires
Mutual support
Defilade 
Enfilade 
Economy of Ammunition 
Protection
39
Q

How are the guns teams best employed in defense?

A

Used to best advantage in W and D
Makes use of channelizing obstacles
Mutually supported by other wins
Has primary, alt, and spplmntry positions

40
Q

Rates of fire for SAW?

A

Sustained - 50 rpm w/ 3-5rd bursts BC every 10 min
Rapid - 100 rpm w/ 6-8 rd bursts BC every 2 min
Cyclic - 850 rpm BC 1 min

41
Q

Rates of fire for the M240B and the M60?

A

S - 100 rpm w/ 6-9 td bursts BC every 10min
R - 200 rpm w/ 10-12 rd bursts BC every 2 min
C - M60: 550 rpm
M240B: 650-950 rpm
BC every 1 min

42
Q

What are the two techniques for air defense for machine guns?

A

Football field technique

Reference point technique

43
Q

What are the two methods of measurement for the football field technique?

A

Fast mover = 2 football fields

Slow mover = 1/2 football field

44
Q

What are the 3 assault firing positions for MGs?

A

Hip
Underarm
Shoulder

45
Q

What are the three types of wire obstacles?

A

Protective wire
Tactical wire
Supplementary wire

46
Q

Placement of protective wire?

A

Outside of defensive trace

Out of grenade range

47
Q

Placement and function of tactical wire?

A

Placed on friendly side of final protective line (FPL)

Gives defensive gun positions enfilade

48
Q

Placement and function of supplementary wire?

A

Disguises tactical wire

Channelizes enemy into tactical wire

49
Q

What sector does an alternate fighting position cover?

A

same as the primary position

50
Q

What sector does a supplementary fighting position cover?

A

A different one than the primary/alternate

51
Q

Define sector of fire

A

Area to be covered by individual, weapon or unit

52
Q

Who covers the Primary sector of fire

A

Usually the gun team

53
Q

What does the secondary sector of fire cover?

A

The second most likely avenue of approach of the enemy

54
Q

What is FPF?

A

Final Protective Fire

Prearranged barrier of fire between advancing enemy and friendlies for all direct fire weapons

55
Q

What is the FPL

A

Final Protective Line

For MG’s, Line along which grazing fire is placed to stop enemy assault

56
Q

What is the PDF?

A

Principal Direction of Fire

Covers an area that has good fields of fire or has good likelihood of dismounted approach by enemy

57
Q

On the M122 tripod T&E what value is the scale graduated in?

A

5 mil increments

58
Q

What values does the the scale on the T&E bar go to on the left and on the right?

A

Left: 100-450 mils

Right: 100-425 mils

59
Q

What is the total value of mils on the T&E bar?

A

875 mils total

60
Q

What is the range of mils on the traversing hand wheel on the M122?

A

100 mils of movement

61
Q

What is the range of mils on the elevating hand wheel on the M122?

A

50 mils

62
Q

What is the range of mils on the elevating bar on the M122?

A

Up: 200
Down: 200
Total: 400

63
Q

What is the military designation for the range card?

A

DA Form 5517-R

64
Q

What is the range on the elevation scale on the M192?

A

0-530 mil

65
Q

What is the range on the traverse scale of the M192?

A

0-900 mil

66
Q

How many mils does one full handle manipulation equal?

A

5 mils

67
Q

Define beaten zone

A

Elliptical pattern formed on the ground on target by the striking rounds.

Light Arms (11 decks)

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