The emergence of Modern Humans Flashcards

0
Q

The hobbits of Flores Island: theory

A

The Hobbits were Homo floresiensis

  • evolved from ancestral Homo and underwent insular dwarfism?
  • evolved from an unknown small-bodied Hominin that arrived on the island much earlier?
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1
Q

Anatomy of the Hobbits of Flores Island

A
  • cranial capacity 380-410 cc
  • 1 m tall
  • body proportions and wrist like Australopithecus
  • shape of brain, facial morphology & dental characteristics like Homo
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2
Q

Stats of: Homo floresiensis

A

Brain: 380 cubic cm
Skull: similar to H.erectus, though with slightly brow ridge
Skeleton: similar to H.erectus, but smaller, bipedal stance
Lived: Remains date to 18,000 years ago, possibly existed 800,000 yrs ago

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3
Q

Stats of: Homo erectus

A

Brain: 900cc (archaic) to 1100cc (later)
Skull: flat, thick, large brow ridge
Skeleton: Robust, suggesting heavy musculature
Lived: c 1.9m years ago to c 25,000 years ago

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4
Q

Stats of: Homo sapien

A

Brain: 1200cc (archaic) to 1350cc (modern)
Skull: short, high, small, no brow ridges
Skeleton: More slender, slighter build
Lived: c 150,000 years ago to present

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5
Q

Skull structure: “Modern Humans”

A
  • high, vertical forehead
  • round, tall skull
  • small browridges
  • small face
  • projecting chin
  • more gracile, narrower bones
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6
Q

Skull structure: Archaic Homo sapiens

A
  • longer, lower skull
  • larger browridges
  • bigger and more projecting face
  • wider nasal aperture
  • more projecting occipital bone
  • larger teeth
  • no chin
  • thicker post-cranial bones
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7
Q

Modern Human Origins

A
  • archaic forms of Homo sapiens emerge about 350,000 years ago
  • modern form of Homo sapiens appear in Africa by about 195,000 years ago
  • completed globally by about 25,000 years ago
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8
Q

Single-Origin/Replacement/Out of Africa theory

A
  • occurred 100,000 - 200,000 years ago
  • spread from Africa into Asia and Europe
  • Archaic Homo species became extinct and were replaced by modern humans
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9
Q

Multi-regional theory

A
  • Homo Erectus populations all over gradually evolved into modern humans
  • not an event restricted to a single region
  • contact between groups through migration and intermarriage
  • Archaic Homo species represent transitional phases
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10
Q

What do the fossils tell us?

A

Early archaic Homo sapiens compared to Homo erectus:

  • similarly large browridges
  • reduced skeletal robusticity
  • smaller teeth
  • larger brain
  • increasing cultural complexity
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11
Q

Archaic H. sapiens in Africa

A
  • 350,000 - 200,000 BP (before present)
  • Kabwe lead mine, Zambia
  • cranial capacity 1,300 cc
  • big face
  • large browridges
  • thick cranial bones
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12
Q

Archaic H.sapiens in Asia

A
  • 350,000 - 130,000 Bp
  • Ngandong site, Java, Indonesia
  • cranial capacity 1,100 cc
  • long, low skull
  • large browridges
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13
Q

Archaic H. sapiens in Europe

A
  • 500,000 -130,000 BP
  • Sima de los Huesos cave site, Atapuerca, Spain
  • cranial capacity 1,125 cc
  • large browridges
  • pronounced facial projection
  • wide nasal aperture
  • rounder, more gracile skull
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14
Q

Early Archaic H. sapiens’ Dietary Adaptations

A
  • more diverse tools
  • back teeth became smaller, tools became more important for processing food? Teeth used in different ways?
  • front teeth became larger. More wear & tear on front teeth. Used as a tool?
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15
Q

Stone tools in Africa, Achelean tradition continued to?

A

150 kya

16
Q

Archaic Homo sapiens: Mousterian prepared core technology

A
  • indicates increasing forethought and abstract thinking
  • use soft hammer technique
  • larger variety of stylized tool shapes
  • produced more cutting surface