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Computer Information Systems > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

PAN

A

Personal area network; Connects personal devices in a very short range with or without cables (Ex. Phone to headset)

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local area network; Connects personal computers within a limited area (Ex. School computer lab)

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3
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan area network; Public high-speed network capable of transmission within 50 mile range (Ex. Local internet service providers)

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4
Q

WAN

A

Wide area network; Covers a large geographical area and several smaller networks (Ex. The Internet)

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5
Q

Shared resources

A

Hardware, software, and data made available for authorized network users to access

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6
Q

Node

A

Each connection point on a network containing a computer, peripheral, or other device

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7
Q

NIC

A

Network interface card; Special circuitry in a system board required to connect to a LAN

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8
Q

Networked peripheral

A

Device that contains network circuitry to directly connect to a network

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9
Q

NAS

A

Network attached storage; Storage device that directly connects to a network

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10
Q

Network device

A

Any electronic device that broadcasts network data, boosts signals, or routes data to its destination

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11
Q

Router

A

A type of network device that acts as a central distribution point for getting data to its destination

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12
Q

Communications channel

A

Physical path or a frequency for signal transmissions

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13
Q

RJ45 connector

A

At the end of a network cable

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14
Q

Optical fiber cable

A

Composed of many strands of thin glass tubes that send data at the speed of light

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15
Q

Bandwidth

A

Transmission capacity of a communications channel

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16
Q

Broadband

A

High-bandwidth communications systems (Ex. Cable TV & DSL)

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17
Q

Narrowband

A

Communications systems with less capacity (Ex. Dial-up)

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18
Q

Communications protocol

A

A set of rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another

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19
Q

Handshaking

A

The process by which two computers on a network negotiate their communications protocols

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20
Q

Packet

A

Parcel of data that is sent across a computer network

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21
Q

Circuit switching

A

Establishes a dedicated, private link between two devices, such as a telephone

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22
Q

Packet switching

A

Divides a message into several packets that can be routed independently to their destination

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23
Q

MAC address

A

A unique number assigned to a network interface card when it is manufactured

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24
Q

IP address

A

Series of numbers used to identify a network device

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25
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; Protocol designed to automatically distribute IP addresses

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26
Q

Advantages of LAN

A
  • LANs enable people to work together
  • Sharing networked software can reduce costs
  • Sharing data on a LAN can increase productivity
  • Sharing networked hardware can reduce costs
  • Sharing an Internet connection can be cost-effective and convenient
  • Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of services and specialized peripheral devices
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27
Q

Disadvantages of LANs

A
  • Malfunctions limit access to data
  • LANs are vulnerable to unauthorized access
  • LANs are vulnerable to malicious code
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28
Q

What can communications protocols do?

A
  • Divide messages into packets
  • Affix addresses to packets
  • Initiate transmission
  • Regulate the flow of data
  • Check for transmission errors
  • Acknowledge receipt of transmitted data
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29
Q

How does data travel over a network?

A
  1. Source –> (Encoded data) –> 2. Transmitter –> (Signal) –> 3. Communications channel –> 4. Receiver –> (Decoded data) –> 5. Destination
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30
Q

What kind of signals can travel over computer networks?

A

Electromagnetic signals

  • Digital signals: limited set of frequencies
  • Analog signals: any value in a range of frequencies
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31
Q

How can a network detect if a signal has been corrupted?

A

Detects and reestablishes voltages that have errors

Ex. +3 volts corrected to +5 volts when the only options are -5 volts and +5 volts

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32
Q

Ethernet

A

A wired network technology that is defined by IEEE 802.3 standards; standard for wired connections in local area networks

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33
Q

Ethernet adapter

A

Can be installed if a computer has no Ethernet port

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34
Q

RF signals

A

Radio waves

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35
Q

Transceiver

A

A combination of a transmitter and a receiver that sends and receives radio waves

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36
Q

Microwaves

A

Electromagnetic signals that behave differently than radio waves

  • Can be aimed in a single direction
  • More carrying capacity
  • Cannot penetrate metal objects
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37
Q

Infrared light

A

Carry data signals for short distances with a clear line of sight

38
Q

Bluetooth

A

A short-range wireless network technology that is designed to make connections between two devices

39
Q

Pairing

A

Creates a persistent link between two devices, usually through the exchange of an authentication code called a passkey

40
Q

Discovery mode

A

Allows devices with Bluetooth capability to be open for pairing

41
Q

Wi-Fi

A

Refers to a set of wireless networking technologies defined by IEEE 802.11 standards that transmits data as radio waves and is compatible with Ethernet

42
Q

Wireless ad-hoc protocol

A

Devices broadcast directly to each other

43
Q

Wireless infrastructure protocol

A

Centralized broadcasting device coordinates communication among network devices (more security than ad-hoc)

44
Q

Wi-Fi adapter

A

Plugs into a USB port of an internal expansion slot to allow equipment to be Wi-Fi compatible

45
Q

Dual-band

A

When a router uses two frequencies

46
Q

MIMO

A

(Multiple-input multiple-output) Technology to boost signals and spread them more evenly over the signal range

47
Q

What is wired technology?

A

Uses cables to connect network devices

48
Q

What are the advantages of wired technology?

A
  • Fast
  • Secure
  • Simple to configure
49
Q

What are the disadvantages of wired technology?

A
  • Limited mobility
  • Unsightly
  • Cables get tangled and collect dust
50
Q

Why is Ethernet so popular?

A
  • Easy to understand, implement, manage, and maintain
  • Available from many vendors for low prices
  • Flexibility in network design
  • Compatible with Wi-Fi technology
51
Q

How does Ethernet work?

A

Simultaneously broadcasts data packets to all network devices, but is only accepted to the one it is addressed to

52
Q

What is wireless technology?

A

Transports data from one device to another without the use of cables or wires

53
Q

What are the advantages of wireless connections?

A

-Mobility

54
Q

What are the disadvantages of wireless connections?

A
  • Speed
  • Range
  • Licensing
  • Security
55
Q

What is wireless slower than wired?

A

Susceptibility to interference, which takes extra time

56
Q

What limits the range of a wireless network?

A
  • Type of signal
  • Transmitter strength
  • Physical environment
57
Q

What are the issues with wireless security?

A

Signals float through the air and penetrate walls, so that anyone can surreptitiously join your network

58
Q

SSID

A

(Service set identifier) The name of a wireless network

59
Q

Wireless encryption

A

Scrambles the data transmitted between wireless devices and then unscrambles the data only one devices that have a valid encryption key

60
Q

WEP

A

(Wired Equivalent Privacy) Original wireless encryption protocol that had a level of confidentiality similar to that of a wired network

61
Q

WPA

A

(Wi-Fi Protected Access) Offer stronger protection that WEP by making sure that packets have not been intercepted or tampered in any way

62
Q

PSK

A

(Pre-shared key) A personal type of WPA used on most home networks

63
Q

Wireless encryption key

A

Basis for scrambling and unscrambling the data transmitted between wireless devices

64
Q

Hub

A

Extends a wired network by adding additional ports

65
Q

Switch

A

Intelligently facilitates communication among multiple devices on a network

66
Q

Gateway

A

Joins two different types of networks, such as your home network and the Internet

67
Q

Bridge

A

Connects two similar networks

68
Q

Repeater

A

Extends the range of a network by restoring signals to maximum strength and retransmitting them

69
Q

Wireless access point (WAP)

A

Allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network

70
Q

File sharing

A

Allows files containing documents, photos, music, and other data to be accessed from computers other than the one on which they are stored

71
Q

Network discovery

A

Setting that affects whether your computer can see other computers on a network, and whether your computer can be seen by others

72
Q

Public folder

A

Designed to hold files and folders that you want to share with other people on your network

73
Q

Homegroup

A

Collection of trusted Windows computers that automatically share files and folders

74
Q

File server

A

Computer whose primary purpose is to be a repository for files that can be accessed by network workstations

75
Q

Are there restrictions on file sharing?

A
  • Which devices your computer can discover
  • Which files you allow others to access
  • What others are allowed to do with the files they can access
76
Q

Specific files

A

Can be designated as shared, which is versatile, but not secure. Public folders are a better option.

77
Q

Read and write permission

A

Allows access for opening, viewing, modifying, or deleting files

78
Q

Read permission

A

Allows authorized people to open a file and view it, but they cannot modify or delete it

79
Q

Write only permission

A

Works like a drop box, allowing people to put files in one of your folders, but not open, copy, or change any files that you have stored there

80
Q

Encryption

A

Transforms a message in such a way that its contents are hidden from unauthorized readers. Plaintext to ciphertext.

81
Q

Paintext

A

An original message that has not yet been encrypted

82
Q

Ciphertext

A

Encrypted message

83
Q

Decryption

A

Ciphertext to plaintext. The reverse process of encryption.

84
Q

Cryptographic algorithm

A

Procedure for encrypting or decrypting a message

85
Q

Cryptographic key

A

Word, number, or phrase that must be known to encrypt or decrypt a message

86
Q

Weak encryption

A

Easy to decrypt without the algorithm and key

87
Q

Strong encryption

A

Very difficult to break

88
Q

AES

A

Advanced Encryption Standard; technology used for WPA2; One of the strongest cryptographic algorithms

89
Q

Symmetric key encryption

A

Key used to encrypt a message is also used to decrypt the message

90
Q

PKE

A

Public key encryption; eliminate the key-distribution process by using one key to encrypt a message, but another key to decrypt the message

Computer Information Systems (8 decks)

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