Cardio Basics

Question 1

Heart issues due to what 3 things?

Answer 1

1) Automaticity
2) Excitability
3) Conductivity

Question 2

Assess what first?

Fix what first?

Answer 2

HR and rhythm

HR

Question 3

SA Node normal rate?

SA Node pacing altered by what 3 things?

Answer 3

60-100

1) Physiological (e.g. fever/exercise ↑ HR)
2) Pathological
3) Pharmacological

Question 4

SA Node activity appears on ECG how?

Answer 4

No waveform -> flat line before P wave

Question 5

Conduction thru Atria appears on ECG how?

Answer 5

P wave (atrial depol)

Question 6

AV Node purpose?

Answer 6

Delay SA impulse so:

1) Allows time for atrial kick
2) Protects vents from rapid rates

Question 7

HIs normal rate?

Answer 7

40-60

Question 8

Purkinje normal rate?

Answer 8

20-40

Question 9

Absolute Refractory Period is?

Answer 9

No electrical conduction
Happens during Systole (vent contraction)
QRS to top of T
No PVC can happen during this time

Question 10

Relative Refractory Period is?

Answer 10

Depol can occur if strong stim
Early diastole
Downslope of T

Question 11

P Wave morphology:

Tall?

Long?

Notched?

Answer 11

Tall = R atrial pathology

Long = L atrial path

Notched = R atrial enlargement

Question 12

PR Segment formed by what?

Answer 12

AV jxn

Question 13

QRS Complex: Q represents what?

RS represents what?

Answer 13

Septum depol

R and L vent depol

Question 14

QRS Complex: Duration?

Appearance in Lead II?

In V1?

Answer 14

0.06 - 0.10

Positive

Negative

Question 15

ST Seg elevation = ?

Depression = ?

Answer 15

Injury

Ischemia

Question 16

ST Seg w/ gradual slope due to?

Sharp drop or rise due to?

a/w narrow QRS?

a/w wide QRS?

Answer 16

2° cause (e.g. meds)

Acute syndrome

Acute

2°

Question 17

T Wave best seen in what lead?

Broad Ts from?

Answer 17

Lead II (max 5 mm)

CNS (neuro) bleeds, not cardiac pathology

Question 18

U Wave from?

Answer 18

HypoK+

Question 19

Best lead for rhythms?

Best lead for BBB, PVCs?

Answer 19

Lead II (look at P waves)

V1 (look at QRS)

Question 20

Steps for dysrhythmia identification? (3)

Answer 20

1) Identify site of impulse origin
2) Identify rate
3) Abnormalities (shape, duration, etc)