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A.P. Psyche > Chapter 12/13 > Flashcards

Chapter 12/13 Flashcards

1
Q

psychological disorder

A

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

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2
Q

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of the three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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3
Q

medical model

A

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital

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4
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

the American Psychiatric Association’s “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders”, Fourth Edition, updated as a 2000 “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

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5
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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6
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

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7
Q

panic disorder

A

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

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8
Q

phobia

A

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or position

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9
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

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10
Q

post-tramautic stress disorder

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

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11
Q

port-tramautic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

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12
Q

somatoform disorder

A

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

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13
Q

conversion disorder

A

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.

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14
Q

hypochondriasis

A

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

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15
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

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16
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder

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17
Q

mood disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

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18
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

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19
Q

mania

A

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

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20
Q

bipolar disorder

A

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

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21
Q

schizophrenia

A

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

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22
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs, often of persecution or granger, that may accompany psychotic disorders

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23
Q

personality disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

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24
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless

25
Q

eclectic approach

A

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

26
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

27
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapists interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

28
Q

resistance

A

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

29
Q

interpretation

A

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

30
Q

transference

A

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

31
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

32
Q

insight therapies

A

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

33
Q

client-centered therapy

A

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate client’s growth

34
Q

active listening

A

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.

35
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

36
Q

behavior therapy

A

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

37
Q

counterconditioning

A

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

38
Q

exposure therapies

A

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid

39
Q

systematic desensitization

A

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.

40
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

41
Q

aversive conditioning

A

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

42
Q

token economy

A

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desire behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

43
Q

cognitive therapy

A

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

44
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy

45
Q

family therapy

A

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

46
Q

regression toward the mean

A

the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average

47
Q

meta-analysis

A

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

48
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system

49
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

50
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

51
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

involuntary movements of the facial muscles

52
Q

antianxiety drugs

A

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

53
Q

antidepressant drugs

A

drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

54
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

55
Q

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

56
Q

psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

57
Q

lobotomy

A

ice pick to eye to prevent depression

58
Q

resilience

A

the personal strength that helps most cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.

A.P. Psyche (15 decks)

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